6. CtTTIEEIirs. 



167 



The transverse processes are short, thick, and rounded, growing 

 straight out of the upper half of the sides of the hody of the bone, 

 but, as said before, incomplete at their ends. It measures 14J" in 

 height, and 23" in extreme width ; 16" across the articular surface 

 for the skuU, each facet being 12^" in height and 6" in width ; at 

 their lower end these do not meet by a space of 2". The neural canal 

 is 10" in height, 5^" wide at the upper end, contracts rather above 

 its middle to 3|", tiien expands somewhat again. The body of the 

 axis measures 16" across and 7^" in depth; with the processes, it is 

 24i" wide and 16^" high ; the neural canal is 6|" wide by 5|" high. 

 The upper and lower transverse processes do not completely unite, 

 although they approach on one side within half an inch, on the other 

 not quite so much ; their extremities, however, are not ossified. The 

 opening between them is regularly oval, 4^" long and 3|" wide. 



" The bodies of the remaining cervical vertebrae are founded ob- 

 longs, their arches are low, and their spines little developed; the 

 neural canals transversely elongated, and flattened above ; from the 

 third to the sixth, each has an upper and lower transverse process, 

 the upper ones rising somewhat from the body of the vertebrae, before 

 taking their outward and downward course, very thin, especially at 

 their concave margin, gradually and very slightly decreasing in length. 

 The lower processes somewhat shorter, and considerably broader, 

 though thin ; with a tuberosity on their under edge near the base ; 

 decreasing regularly in length, that of the sixth vertebra being 

 notably shorter than the others. In the seventh vertebra the upper 

 process is wider than in the others, and the lower one is reduced to 

 a mere tubercle, 



" Dimensions of the Cervical Vertehrce (in inches). 



" There are 15 pairs of ribs. The first has an undivided head. The 

 tuberosity is prominent but narrow, and a thin crest extends from it 

 for some distance along the convex border of the rib. The greatest 

 length in a straight line is 34" ; the breadth at the middle 3", at the 

 lower end 6". The second and third ribs have both weU-developed 

 capitular processes extending towards the bodies of the vertebrae, 

 longer and more slender in the third. In the fourth this process is 

 nearly obsolete, and absent in all the succeeding ones. There are 

 rough surfaces on the infero-lateral portions of the hinder , edges of 

 the bodies of the first and second dorsal vertebrae, to which those 

 processes of the ribs were connected, probably by the intervention of 

 a strong ligament. The length of the second rib is 49" ; of the 

 third 59". 



