18 INTRODUCTION 
devices merely shows up as a development and improvement 
of that of their predecessors, to whom in point of time they 
surely stand nearer than any other known race ? 
The objection is pertinent. But, startling as the statement 
may seem, there now exist, or have within the last century 
existed, races, who in the actual material, and in the mode of 
fashioning, of their weapons are, in the opinion of experts, 
nearer akin to and resemble more closely Paleolithic than 
did Neolithic man. 
Speaking of the Eskimos, Cartailhac simply summarises the 
evidence of many authorities, when he writes “ the likenesses 
in the above points are so striking that one sees in them the 
true descendants of the Troglodytes of Perigord.” 
Professor Boyd-Dawkins goes farther. He finds the 
Eskimos so intimately connected with the Cave Men in their 
manners and customs, in their art, especially in their method 
of representing animals, and in their implements and weapons, 
that “the only possible explanation is that they belong to 
the same race: that they are representatives of the Troglo- 
dytes, protected within the Arctic circle from those causes by 
which their forbears had been driven from Europe and Asia. 
They stand at the present day wholly apart from other living 
races, and are cut off from all by the philologer and the 
craniologist.”’ ! 
Food supply probably effected the migration of the Eskimos, 
or rather of their ancestors from Europe.? At the close of the 
last ice age, as the ice cap retreated Northwards, the reindeer 
followed the ice, and the Eskimo followed the reindeer. 
Of the aborigines of Tasmania Professor E. B. Tylor 
testifies: “If there have remained anywhere up to modern 
times men, whose condition has changed little since the early 
Stone Age, the Tasmanians seem such a people. Many tribes 
of the late Stone Age have lasted on into modern times, but it 
appears that the Tasmanians by the workmanship of their 
1 fimile de Cartailhac et H. Breuil, La Caverne d’ Altamira, Paris, 1906, 
p. 145. Professor Boyd-Dawkins, Early Man in Britain, London, 1880, 
p. 233. But their technique in flaking, etc., suggests a later date. 
2 The route was probably by Russia, Siberia, and across the land now cut 
by the Behring Straits. 
