292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTURE 
modern Pisciculture—a term first used some three hundred 
years after his death—can hardly be sustained. His discoveries 
interest only from a historical point of view. 
The middle of the eighteenth century witnessed an improve- 
ment on Pinchon’s plan. In Sweden (where the care taken to 
protect fish even prohibited the ringing of bells at the spawning 
season) the bream, perch, and mullet attach their eggs either 
to rocks, or twigs of pine. 
Lund shut up males and females for three or four days in 
three boxes, furnished with twigs of pine, etc. (on which the 
fish spawned), and pierced with little holes to allow the entrance 
of water. He succeeded at his first attempt in raising from 
50 female bream, 3,100,000 fry ; from Ioo perch, 3,215,000 fry ; 
and from 100 mullet, 4,000,000 fry. 
Jacobi of Westphalia, the first real inventor of practical 
fecundation by artificial means, experimented on trout and 
salmon for sixteen years before attaining definite success. 
He pressed in turn the eggs and milt into a vase half filled 
with water which he kept gently stirred with his hand. The 
fertilised eggs were at once placed in a grated box inside a 
larger chest, in which Jacobi had inserted at the sides and at 
the top fine metallic gratings to allow the easy flow in and 
out of water over the sand or gravel lying at the bottom. 
The apparatus was set in a trench by the side of a brook, or, 
better still, in an artificial channel into which springs were led. 
The young fish after hatching lived for three or four weeks 
on their umbilical sac, and were then passed into a reservoir. 
By these simple means Jacobi, who for his services was 
granted by England a pension for life, solved the problem of 
protecting fertilised eggs against their enemies, and yet of 
leaving them in surroundings not unlike those of Nature. 
The experiment, as far as it went, succeeded admirably. 
In Great Britain! Shaw, Andrew, Young, Knox, and 
Boccius, and in Germany, Blooch, and others carried on, at 
various times and with varying methods and measures of 
1 Leonard Mascall, owing to his recipes for preserving spawn in his Booke 
of Fishing 1590, ‘‘must be looked upon as the pioneer of fish-culture in 
England,” according to Mr. R. B, Marston, op. cit., 35. 
