CICONUD4S~THE STORKS AND WOOD IBISES. 114* 



hallux about eaual to the inner toe and claw; bare portion of the tibia longer than the mid- 

 dle toe, the upper third, or more, without scales, and smooth; web between inner and mid- 

 dle toes well developed, but smaller than the outer web. Plumage compact above, loose 

 below, the feathers of the neck small, their webs somewhat decomposed. Eemiges well 

 developed, the tertials reaching to the end of the primaries, the latter hard, concave be- 

 neath, the outer four with their inner webs deeply sinuated at or anterior to the mid.dle 

 portion; second, third, and fourth auills nearly eaual, or longest. Tail short {shorter than 

 bill or tarsus), even, of 12 broad, stiff feathers. Adult, with the whole head and upper half 

 of hind neck bare, covered with a hard, scurfy, and more or less corrugated skin. Young, 

 with the whole head and neck, except the chin and forehead, feathered, 



Tantalus loculator Linn. 



WOOD IBIS. 



Popular synonyms. Wood Pelican; Gannet (Florida) ; Colorado Turkey (Arizona); Sowewies, 

 Negroscopes (Brit. Guiana) ; Tagarote, Galambas, Garzon (Mexico). 



Tantalus loculator Linn. S. N. ed. 10,1, 1758. 140, No. 1 (ex Klein,127; CATESBY,i,81);'ed. 12, 

 1766, i, 241, No. 1.— WiLS. Am. Cm. vlii, 1814,39, pi. 66, flg. 1.— NuTT. Man. ii, 1834,82.— 

 A0D. Cm. Biog. 111,1835,128, pi. 216; Synop. 1839, 259; Birds Am. vl, 1843. 64, pi. 361 

 (adult).— Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1868, 682.— Baibd, Cat. N. Am. B. 1869, No. 497. 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 262; Check List, 1873, No. 444; 2d ed. 1882, No. 648; Birds N. W. 1874, 

 BIS.— Bmaw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881,No. 600; Man. N. Am. B. 1887,125.— A. 0. U. Check 

 List. 1886, No. 188. 



Tantalus vlumieollis Spix, At. Bras. pi. 85 (young). 



"Ibis nandasson; I. nandavoa, Tieill." (Geat & Bonap.) 



Wood Pelican OATBSBTr„Carolina, pi. 81. 



Ze Ouriaca de Oayenne Burp. PI. Enl. 1770-84, pi. 868 (adult). 



Wood Ibis Penn. Arot. Zool. ii, 1785, 458. No. 360. 



Tantalus ichthyophagus, pie Gannet, Babteam, Travels, 1791,293. 



Hab. The whole of tropical and most of warm- temperate America; north to New York 

 (casual), Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and Oalifornia; south to Ecua- 

 dor and Argentine Bepubllo. 



Sp. Ohab. AduU: Head and upper half of the neck naked, and covered with a hard, 

 scurfy skin, of a dusky color; the vertex covered by a somewhat shield-shaped horny plate, 

 of a lighter color, the neck with transverse, somewhat ovate, bark-like, rugose scales. Plum- 

 age in general uniform white, the primary-coverts, remiges, and rectrices black, with me- 

 tallic purple, bronze, and green reflections. Under wing-coverts pale f ose-plnk in breed- 

 ing season. "Bill dusky yellowish brown, the edges yellow; sides of the head dark bluish 

 purple, upper part of the head horn-oolor, or dull grayish yellow, the rest of the bare skin 

 of the same tint, many of the scales anteriorly blue ; iris deep brown, at a distance seeming 

 black : tibia and tarsus indigo-blue ; toes above black, on the lateral and hind toes, however, 

 many of the scutellae bluish gray, the webs pale yellowish flesh-color; claws black" (AuDC- 

 BON). Young: Head and neck covered with rather scant, somewhat "woolly," feathers, ex- 

 cepting the forehead, anterior part of the crown, lores, anterior portion of malar region, 

 chin, and anterior part of throat, which are covered with a smooth skin. Head and neck 

 grayish brown, darkest on the occiput (where dark sooty), growing gradually paler below. 

 Best of the plumage as in the adult, but the black feathers of wings and tail less metallic. ' 

 Immature: Head bare and corrugated, as in the adult; neck feathered, as in the young. 

 Total length, about 35.00-45.00 inches; extent of wings, 62.00r70.00;lwing, 17.60-19.50; tail,6.10- 

 7.30; ou)men,7.S5-9.S0; depth of bill through nostril. 1.55-1.90; tarsus, 7.00-8.50; middle toe. 

 S.85-4.S0; bare part of tibia, 5.00-6.25;8 weight UM lbs. 



> According to Audubon, "the young are dusky gray all over, the quills and tail brownish 

 black; the head all covered with down, excepting just at the base of the bill. After the flrst 

 moult, the bare space extends over the head and cheeks; the downy feathers of the hind 

 head and neck are dusky ; the general color of the plumage is white, the quills and tail as in 

 the adult, but with less gloss." 



> Ten adults measured. 



