. 196 BFRDS OF tLLINOIS. 



B. Lower jaw wholly naked. Tail-feathers 22. (Babeenna Leptopelieanus.) 



2. F. fasons. .PreTalling color dusky, the upper parts silvery-striped in adults, grayish 

 brown in the young ; bill dull grayish, or purplish brown, stained withred toward end 

 (inbreeding season); pouch greenish brown, grayish, or dusky. Wing, 19.00-21.00 

 inches ; culmen, 9.40-12.20. 



Felecanus erythrorhynchos Gmel. 



AUEBICAir WHITE FELICAST. 

 Popular synonym. Bough -billed Pelican. 



Felecanus erj/throrhynehos Gmel. S. N. 1, pt. ii, 1788, B71.— Baibd, B. N. Am. 1858, 868; Cat. 



K. Am. B. IS59, No. 615.— EtiUOT, P. Z. S. 1869,688 (monographic).— KiDOW. Orn. 40th 



Par. 1877,627 (habits, etc.); Nom. N. Am. B. 1881,640; Man. N. Am. B. 1887,82.— B. B. & 



E. Water B. N. Am. il, 1884,1SS.— A. 0. XJ. Check List. 1886, No. 125. 

 Pelecanug trachyrhyr.ch.usfLA.'iB. Ind. Orn. ii, 1790,884.— Cooes, Key 1872,300; Check List, 



1873, No. 826; 2d ed. 1882, No. 748; B. N.W. 18r4.fl86.-BENDlKB, Proo. Bost. Soe. S. H. 



1877, 146 (habits, nest and' eggs, etc.) 

 Peleoanvs onocrotalus ("a vwiety") Pobst. Philos. Trann. Ixii, 1772, 419. 

 Felecanus onocrotalus Bonap. Hynop. 1828, 400 (mec Linn.).— Sw. & BiOB. P. B.-A. ii, 



18SI, 472.— > UTT. Man. ii. 1834, 471. 

 Felecanus thagus Btefh. Qen. Zool. ziii, 1826. 117 (Mexico; nee Molina). 

 Felecanus hernandexii Waol. Isis, 1832, 1233 (Mexico). 

 Felecanus americanus Add. Orn, Biog. iy, 1838, 88, pi. 311; Bynop. 18S9. 309, B. Am. vii, 1844, 



20, pi. 422. ' • 



Felecanus occipitalis Bn>QW. Am. Sportsman, iv, 1874, 297 (Nevada). 



Hab. The whole of North America, north in the interior to about 61°, south to Mexico 

 and Central America in winter; now rare or accidental along the Atlantic coast north of 

 Florida. 



Sp. Chab. Tail-feathers 24: malar region completely feathered; color chiefly white; 

 bill, pouch, and feet yellowish or reddish. Adult, nuptial plumage: Culmen with a narrow 

 median horny excresence, situated a little anterior to the middle, the upper outline 

 more or less convey, its fibres obliquely vertical. Its size and exact shape variable. 

 Plumage white, sometimes tinged with pale pinkish, the narrow leaser wing-coverts and 

 jugular plumes straw-yellow or (rarely?) purplish buff; primaries dull black, their shafts 

 white toward the base; secondaries dusky, both webs edged with grayish white. Upper 

 part of the nape with a pendent crest of long, narrow, silky feathers of a pure white or 

 delicate straw-color. Bill chiefly orange, paler on the oulmei^ the nails and edges of the 

 maxilla and mandible more rertdish; mnndlble deeper red than the mfixilla, growing al- 

 most briok-red basally; pouch dirty whitish anteriorly, where suffused with blackish, 

 passing suL'Oes -ively through yellow and orange into intense dragon's-blood-red, or brick- 

 red, at the base ; lower edge of the mandible sometimes blackish, and side of the mandible 

 sometimes marked, nearly opposite the maxillary crest, with a somewhat quadrate black 

 spot; baie skin of the lores and oi bital region rich orange-yellow; eyelids dark reddish; 

 iris pearl- white* ; legs and feet intense orange-red, A dult.post-miptial plumaoe (=F. oo- 

 oipitalin BiDOW.): Similar to the above, but maxillary excrescence wanting (having been 

 cast), and the nuchal orest replaced by a patch of brownish gray. A dult in/all andwinter: 

 Similar to the last, hit no grayish patch on the occiput (crest also absent), the bill and feet 

 clear yellow. Young: Similar to the winter adult, but lesser wing-coverts bi ownish gray 

 centrally, pileum similarly marked; jugular feathers short and broad, and pure white, like 

 the other feathers ot the lower surface; bill, pouch, and feet pale yellow. 



Total length about 53.50-64.00 inches; extent, 7.50-4.00 feet; wing, 22.25-25.25 Inches; cul- 

 men, U.80-1E.00; tarsus, 4.S0-4.6E; middle toe, 3.70-4.25." Weight ot adult, about 17 pounds. 



iTbe Iris is said to be sometimes hazel. 



•The average of a series of eight adult examples is as follows: Wing, 23.65 inohes; oul- 

 men, 12.62; tarsus, 4.50; middle toe, 8.98. 



