PAUL LEVERRKUEN, M.D. 2048 
riches. He built several different ovens for hatching 
chickens, which baked simultaneously cakes and bread. 
The well-known English surgeon, Edward Jenner, who was 
the inventor of vaccination, took special interest in the 
natural history of the Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) and pub- 
lished some observations on this subject which are still of 
value. 
Many physicians are famous naturalists, Everyone knows 
Sir Thomas Browne’s Pseudodoxia Epidemica, in which 
curious old volume plenty of interesting and extraordinary 
novelties are treated. In Germany we can refer to the 
excellent anatomist Chr. L, Nitzsch, the first who wrote on 
pterylography; the Hanoverian, Johann Friedrich Blumen- 
bach; Dr. C. G. Giebel, author of the Thesaurus Ornitho- 
logiz ; Dr. Fr. Tiedemann; Dr. Gustav Hartlaub of Bremen 
and Dr. Otto Finsch, who edited works together; Kutter, 
who possessed one of the finest egg-collections in the world; 
Reichenbach, the late director of the Dresden museum; 
Ziirn, the poultry man; in Switzerland, Herr von Tschudi, 
author of the often re-issued Thierleben der Alpenwelt; 
Girtanner, the monographer of the Lammergeyer (Gypfaétos 
barbatus) and of Capra ibex; C. Stdlker of St. Fiden, who 
studied the pathology of birds; in France, Geoffroy Saint- 
Hilaire * and Milne-Edwards f ; while in Italy and Spain the 
names of H. Giglioli, Schiavuzzi, Azara, and others are 
known to everybody who studies, bird-life. Besides these 
naturalists, many ornithologists of our days have made this 
science their only and favorite study. But as much money 
is required to carry out these studies many of them are at 
the same time merchants. The well-known author of The 
Birds of Europe, Henry E. Dresser, finished his works after 
* The writer does not state whether he means Etienne Geoffroy Saint- 
Hilaire, or his son Isidore, both of whom were eminent French 
zodlogists.—E. C. 
+t There were two of this name, Henri Milne-Edwards, and his son 
Alphonse; we are uncertain which is meant.—E, C. 
