202 ORNITHOLOGISTS, PAST AND PRESENT. 
having closed his business windows. Symington Grieve 
composed his excellent work on the Garefowl (Plautus 
impennis) at night. The brothers P. and A. Wiebke of 
Haniburg compiled their valuable collections of hybrid and 
abnormally colored birds after supper, being all the year 
round and all day long in business in the great German 
emporium. 
There are also many ornithologists who live upon the 
little resources nature gives to her lovers. We speak of 
dealers in objects of natural history. Without naming the 
wretched people who take every bird’s nest they find, we 
only mention the more generous and scientific merchants, 
as Schliiter of Halle; Moschler, father and son; Schaufuss 
of Dresden; the brothers J. and E. Verreaux of Paris, and 
others. Naturally they are also often importers of living 
animals, as Jamrach, the Hagenbecks, and K6éhler—the 
latter being the first who introduced the red partridge 
(Caccabis clappertoni) from South Africa. On the other 
hand, there are many collectors and amateurs who would 
never be willing to dispose of their collections ; and who, 
during a long life, amass a large quantity of precious 
specimens which afterward or several generations later, are 
usually deposited in a large town or in a public museum. 
The old Wormius, the patriarch Seba, Schiffer, and many 
others, are known to modern students by their museums. 
To-day the museums of the Heine family in Germany; of P. 
L. Sclater and Osbert Salvin, in London; of Count Turati 
and Count Hans von Berlepsch, are well known; and not 
less so is the enormous series of specimens collected during 
a life’s leisure by Allan Octavian Hume in the Himalayan 
mountains, now in the British Museum. But as the greater 
part of mankind has not the dollars required for founding a 
large museum, many others are content to be conservators 
or directors in public museums. We can mention thus 
the names of many systematic ornithologists, such as H. 
Lichtenstein, Dr. Jean Cabanis, and Dr. Anton Reichenow, 
