31 
The sandalwood-scale is found on the native maire (Fusanus 
cunninghamit), but appears to be extending its attacks to cultivated 
trees, aud, amongst others, to citraceous trees. It is much smaller 
than either of the preceding, and is chiefly confined to the twigs and 
branches, on which it forms a scurfy crust. 
The injury effected by these pests cannot be compared with that 
caused by the white scale. Unfortunately they are increasing rapidly, 
and, unless kept in check, may cause as great .a loss amongst oranges 
and lemons as their near ally, the mussel-scale, causes amongst apples. 
The castor-oil and soot mixture, recommended for the apple-scale, 
will be found equally effective in destroying the hard scale infesting 
the orange. 
Syringing with a solution of caustic potash and sulphur would 
prove of great benefit, but less effectual than the above. 
ORANGE-APHIS. 
At present I am unable to identify the species which infests the 
orange and lemon. - 
In some seasons it attacks the young shoots in myriads. At a 
short distance the leaves on the upper portion of the branches appear ' 
to be suffering from black blight, which, however, is rarely to be 
seen on young leaves, its attacks being mostly confined to those fully 
developed. 
The colour of the insect is brownish-black. Winged males and 
females may be found associated with wingless females in June and 
July, as well as during the autumn months. It is most destructive 
during the early spring and the late autumn, but may be found at all 
periods of the year. 
It is readily destroyed by syringing with soapsuds, tobacco-water, 
or with soft-soap dissolved in hot water, or the leaves may be dusted 
with lime or sulphur. Heavy rain will often clean trees badly infested 
with aphides. 
PHASMIDS (Bacillus hookeri). (Acanthoderus spiniger.) 
The “ walking-stick ” insect occasionally attacks the young shoots 
of citraceous plants, and when numerous effect a considerable amount 
of injury in a short time. 
‘Affected trees may be freely dusted with lime or sulphur, or 
syringed with soapsuds, &c. 42 
CICADA, Etc. (Cicada cingulata). 
The cicada frequently injures the smaller branches by forming a 
longitudinal groove on the surface, and depositing its eggs at the base. 
Its habits have not been fully observed, but, in all probability, the 
larve descend to the ground and attack the roots of certain plants, 
not necessarily of the orange itself. This can only be ascertained by 
further observation. ; 
At present its injurious effects appear to be restricted to the 
wounds caused by the female previous to the deposition of eggs, and 
which often lead to the injured branch being broken by the wind. 
