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American representatives of the said species of 

 trees in America can be treated sylviculturally 

 in precisely the same way as their European 

 relatives have been handled and mishandled 

 for more than one hundred years past. Only 

 such differences will arise according as different 

 people may make different demands on the 

 wood. For this reason a comparison of the 

 sylvicultural characteristics of the same species 

 of trees existing simultaneously in Europe and 

 America has been as far as possible avoided. If 

 the American readers of these pages should con- 

 sider this a fault, I can only refer them to the 

 statistics contained in the forestry publications, 

 especially German, on the subject in which they 

 will find all necessary information as to the 

 treatment of spruce, firs, pines, larches, oaks, &c. 

 Let it not be objected that other conditions 

 prevail in America. Both soil and climate which 

 are the basis for the best development of fir pine 

 and larch are absolutely identical over all the 

 Northern Hemisphere. The only difference is 

 the position occupied by the timber in the internal 

 economics of the inhabitants of Europe, America, 

 and Asia. Pines do not, however, follow this 

 general rule, as they do not constitute a uniform 

 species of tree, but are simply a collection of 

 various kinds. The following survey of the 

 sylvicultural peculiarities of the different kinds of 



