ORGANIC REGULATION 103 
ism. Pathology is a real science, and part of the 
science of biology. 
Anatomy and physiology, but more particularly 
anatomy, have become hide-bound in the conception 
that living structure is simply physical structure; and 
in consequence of this anatomy has for the present 
the aspect of almost a dead science, in spite of the new 
life impulse from experimental embryology. The time 
has come for biology to liberate herself and step forth 
as a free and living experimental science, with a world 
before her to conquer by the help of clearer ideas of 
what life is, and how it can be investigated. 
Biology is no inexact science, contented with rough 
pictorial approximations. The bane of physiology in 
the past has been inexact measurement and imperfect 
observation. The new physiology will be different. 
Its measurements and observations will be more exact, 
and, as has been shown in the previous lectures from 
actual instances, of a delicacy often far exceeding that 
of existing physical and chemical methods. But the 
observations and measurements will not be of phe- 
nomena which if isolated are mere illusions. The new 
physiology will not be content with causes, but will 
seek out the organisation of which “causes” are only 
the outward appearance. 
For the reasons already given, organism and en- 
vironment cannot be separated in considering life. 
But we seem to be able to reach a satisfactory inter- 
pretation of the physics and chemistry of the external, 
and even of the internal environment, when these 
states are looked at apart from their relations to 
