216 GENETICS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE 
evidence has not admitted of an entirely satisfactory interpretation. 
We shall consider one case, that which Goldschmidt has investigated 
in Lymantria as an example of the results obtained by investigations of 
this kind. 
Goldschmidt’s investigations are concerned with Lymantria dispar, the 
European gypsy moth, and L. japonica, its Japanese form. As may be 
seen from Fig. 97, Lymantria is strongly sexually dimorphic, the females 
are much lighter in color and larger than the males; japonica is somewhat 
larger than dzspar, but otherwise in general agrees withit. Goldschmidt’s 
investigations deal with the production of intersexual forms in crosses 
Fie. 97.—Typical forms and hybrids of Lymantria; 1 and 2, male and female of L. 
dispar; 3 and 4, male and female of L. japonica; 5-16, hybrids combining male and female 
characters. (After Goldschmidt.) 
between these two species. He has shown that with proper combinations 
of different races of these two species, intersexes may be produced which 
occupy all possible intermediate positions in a continuous series in which 
maleness and femaleness are the two extremes. Thus female intersexes, 
i.e., individuals which are of the chromosome constitution WZ, may be 
obtained which range from those that show only a very slight develop- 
ment of male characters in the feathering of the antenne to those which 
are so nearly males that they show only a faint trace of their female 
origin in a few minor characters. On the other hand, male intersexes 
of the chromosome constitution ZZ may be produced ranging from 
those which exhibit a few white flecks on the wings up to those which 
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