278 GENETICS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE 
from its base so as often to form a dense bush. These branches in their turn have 
numerous lateral branches. Most of them are crowned with flowers in summer, 
which regularly succeed each other, leaving behind them long spikes of young 
fruits. The flowers are large and of a bright yellow color, attracting immediate 
attention, even from a distance. They open toward evening, as the name in- 
dicates and are pollinated by bumblebees and moths. Contrary to their con- 
geners they are dependent on visiting insects for pollination. CM. biennis and 
@. muricata have their stigmas in immediate contact with the anthers within 
Fic. 115.—Leaf, flower bud, flower and essential organs of @nothera rubrinervis (1-4) 
and G,. brevistylis (5-8). The specimen of brevistylis came from a red pigmented 
strain grown by Dr. R. R. Gates; the original brevistylis had no more red pigment than 
lamarckiana. EB 
the flower buds, and as the anthers open in the morning preceding the evening 
of the display of the petals, fecundation is usually accomplished before the insects 
are let in. But in @. lamarckiana no such self-fertilization takes place. The 
stigmas are above the anthers in the bud, and as the style increases in length 
at the time of the opening of the corolla, they are elevated above the anthers 
and do not receive the pollen. Ordinarily the flowers remain sterile if not 
visited by insects or pollinated by myself, although rare instances of self-fertiliza- 
tion were seen . . . . Ordinarily biennial, it produces rosettes in the first, 
and stems in the second year” (de Vries). 
De Vries’ original discovery consisted of the location of two aberrant 
groups among several thousand lamarckiana individuals. One of these 
new forms had smooth leaves and was ‘named levifolia, the other had 
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