306 GENETICS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE 
the garden traces of the early peculiar form of the flower portrayed in 
Plate III. In the original form the standard was erect, narrow at the 
base, notched at the top, and reflexed or slightly rolled at the sides. 
From it have been derived three distinct flower types; the grandiflora, 
the hooded, and the popular waved Spencer forms. The origin of the 
first two named is in some doubt. The hooded character was found in 
some of the earlier varieties. It was sometimes associated with notches 
in the sides as in the Butterfly (Fig. 121), and this character is found also 
Fie. 121.—Forms of sweet pea flowers—the standard or banner. Open or grandiflora 
form (upper row left to right) —Alba Magnifica, Shasta, Golden Rose. Hooded form (middle 
row)—Butterfly, Admiration, Dorothy Eckford. Waved form (lower row)—Elsie Herbert, 
Apple Blossom Spencer, White Spencer. (From Beal.) 
in some of the present day favorites. Bateson reports that hooded is 
recessive to grandiflora or erect type of standard. Some of the earliest 
varieties of improved grandiflora form were Queen of England (1888), 
Blanche Ferry (1889) and Alba Magnifica (1891). The waved or Spencer 
form is of more recent origin, and authorities are agreed that it arose as 
a “sport” from a beautiful, pink, hooded variety, Prima Donna. The 
pronounced waviness of standard and wings which characterizes this 
type had not appeared before in sweet peas. 
The two upper series in Fig. 121 indicate the more recent progress in 
enlarging flower size. Alba Magnifica and Butterfly were great acqui- 
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