232 ANIMAL DENTISTRY.. 



Pathological Anatomy — The features of a typical case 

 are : Purulent or muco-purulent catarrh of the affected side, 

 accumulation of the secretions in the recesses of the sinuses, 

 over-filling of the sinuses and bulging of the bones, pressure 

 necrosis of the turbinated bones and the septa of the sinuses, 

 outward discharge of the secretion, alveolar periostitis and 

 necrosis of a molar. 



Diagnosis — The pathognomonic symptom is the chronic, 

 fetid, unilateral discharge from the nostril occurring simul- 

 taneously with a dental disorder on the affected side. The 

 decayed tooth in the early stage of decay may be difficult 

 to locate, but owing to the frequency of this cause a special 

 examination of the superior dental arcade must be made 

 before the other causes are given any consideration. Nega- 

 tive results from the palpation or inspection of the teeth 

 with or without a mouth speculum is not sufficient reason 

 to exclude the decayed tooth as a cause. The patient must 

 be placed in a recumbent position, a mouth speculum ad- 

 justed, and by the aid of good light each tooth, beginning 

 with the fourth, must be carefully examined with a sharp 

 steel pick. Diseased teeth which would otherwise have 

 escaped notice are in this manner found to have one or both 

 infundibula admitting food into the pulp cavity. When the 

 teeth have been excluded by this circumspect investigation 

 the attention may be directed to the other possible causes, 

 but in no case of chronic catarrh must the examination of the 

 teeth be omitted. Even in the bilateral catarrhs the lesion 

 may be found on one side of the head and in many instances 

 decayed teeth co-exist on both sides of the head. 



Differential Diagnosis— Nasal gleet is differentiated from 

 glanders by the mallein test; from guttural pouch catarrh 

 by the profuse discharge during mastication in the latter 

 disease; from bronchitis by the absence of cough and con- 

 stitutional disturbance, and by the frothy bubbles usually 



