Introduction. 3 



full justice cannot be done to different patrons of cream- 

 eries where payments for cream delivered are made on 

 the basis of this test. 



3. In cheese factories, and since the introduction of 

 the centrifugal cream separator, in separator creamer- 

 ies, the problem of just payment for the milk furnished 

 by different patrons was no less perplexing than in the 

 case of gathered-cream factories. By the pooling sys- 

 tem generally adopted, each patron received payment 

 in proportion to the number of pounds of milk deliv- 

 ered, irrespective of its quality. Patrons delivering rich 

 milk naturally will not be satisfied with this system 

 when they find that their milk is richer than that of 

 their neighbors. The temptation to fraudulently in- 

 crease the amount of milk delivered by watering, or to 

 lower its quality by skimming, will furthermore prove 

 too strong for some patrons; the fact that it was diffi- 

 cult to prove any fraud committed, from lack of a re- 

 liable and practical method of milk analysis, rendered 

 this pooling system still more objectionable. 



4. Formerly private dairymen and breeders of dairy 

 cattle who desired to ascertain the butter-producing ca- 

 pacities of the individual cows in their herds were 

 obliged to do this by the cumbersome method of trial 

 churnings : by saving the milk of each cow to be tested, 

 for a day or a week, and churning separately the cream 

 obtained. This requires a large amount of work when 

 a number of cows are to be tested, and can not therefore 

 be done except with cows of great excellence or by farm- 

 ers having plenty of hired help. Here again tlie need of 

 a practical milk test was strongly felt. 



