EXTERIOR PARTS OF BIRDS 



139 



feathers, either in size, shape, or texture, or all three of these 

 qualities ; as the singularly elegant dorsal plumes of many herons. 

 Individual feathers of the notseum are generally pennaceous, and 

 for the most part straight and lanceolate ; and as a whole lie 

 smoothly shingled or imbricated. The ventral feathers are usually 

 more largely plumulaceous, and less flat and imbricated, but even 



Fig. 25. — X^'POg^^P^y of a Bird. 1, forehead {frons). % lore. 3, cirdlimocular region. 4, 

 crown (weri^). 5, eye. . 6, hind l^ead (occiput). 7, nape (nucha). 8, hinvi neck (cervix). 9, side 

 of neck. 16, interscapular region. 11, dorsum, or hack proper, including 10. ' 12, Tiotoum, or 

 upper part ofi hody proper, including 10, 11, and 13. 13, rump (uropygium). 14, upper tail- 

 coverts. 15,, tail. 16, under taii-coverts (crissum). It, tarsus. IS, ahdomen. 19, hind toe 

 (hullux). 20, gastroium, including IS and 24. 21, outer or fourth toe. 22, middle or third toe. 

 23, side of the body/ 24, breas't (peewits). ^ 25, prfniaries. 26, secondaries. 27, tertiaries ; Nos. 

 25, 26, 27 are all remises. 28, primary coverts. 29,. aZuto, or bastard wing. 30, ^eater covei-ts. 

 31, median coverts. 32, lesser coverts. 33, the " throat," including'34, 37, 38. a4, jugulum or 

 lower throat. 35, auriculars. 36, malar region. 37, gula, or middle throat. i38, mentum, or 

 chin. 39, angle of commissure, or corner of mouth. 40, ramus of under mandible. 41, side 

 of under mandible. 42, gonys. 43, apex, or tip of bill. 44, tomia, or cutting edges of th6 bill. 

 45, cuVmen,, or ridge of upper mandible, corresponding to gonys. 46, side of upper mandible. 

 47, nostril. 48 passes across the bill a little in front of its base. 



more compact, that is, thicker, than those of the upper parts ; 

 especially among water birds, where they are more or less curly, 

 and very thick-set. There are subdivisions of the 



Notseum. — Beginning where the neck ends, and ending where 

 the tail-coverts begin (see Fig. 25, 12), this part of a bird is sub- 

 divided into back (Lat. dorsum; Fig. 25, 11) and rump (Lat. uropy- 

 gium; Fig. 25, 13). These are in direct continuation of each other. 



