OUR FOUR-FOOTED COMPANIONS. 283 



mentioned, without getting np and retiring into the dark- 

 est corner of the room with the greatest appearance of dis- 

 tress. Then if you said, 'The baker was well paid,' or 

 ' The baker was not hurt after all,' Camp came forth from 

 his hiding-place, capered, and barked and rejoiced." 



Chambers's Journal. 



CONSCIENCE IN ANIMALS. 



1. One of the prevailing theories in regard to con- 

 science is that it is the resultant of intelligence combined 

 with the instinct of sociability and the emotion of sympa- 

 thy, and that its germs maybe found in the lower animals. 

 If this be true, we must look for its manifestations in the 

 three groups of dogs, elephants, and monkeys, where alone 

 we find the conditions essential to any considerable devel- 

 opment of the moral sense. 



2. I need not say anything about the intelligence or 

 the sociability of these animals, for it is proverbial that 

 there are no animals so intelligent or more social. It is 

 necessary, however, to say a few words about sympathy. 

 In the case of dogs, sympathy exists in an extraordinary 

 degree. I have myself seen the life of a terrier saved by 

 another dog which staid in the same house with him, and 

 with which he had always lived in a state of bitter enmity. 

 Yet, when the terrier was one day attacked by a large dog, 

 which shook him by the back, and would certainly have 

 killed him, his habitual enemy rushed to the rescue, and, 

 after saving the terrier, had great difficulty in getting away 

 himself. 



3. Dr. Hooker informs me that an elephant, which he 

 was riding in India, became so deeply bogged that he re- 

 mained stuck fast until next day, when he was extracted 



20 



