Gulls 



39. \voryGu\\(PagopMlaiilba). L. 17- ^'^^- l''""e 

 while; bill yellow; feetblack. Yng. Similar, butwings 

 and lail lipped with blackiah; throat dusky. 



Ranjtt.— Breeds in Arctic regions; winters south to Great Lake* 

 ana British l.olumbia; rarely to Massachusetts. 



40. Kittiwake {Rissa tridactyla). L. 16." Hind toe 

 a knob. Ads. Head^ neck all around, undeiparts, 

 and tail white; J in. or less, of tips of primaries black. 

 Ym. Tip of tail, ear-coverts, nape, and wing-coverts 

 with black; bill black; inner web ot .primaries with 

 white. Notes. A rapidly uttered kit-a-wahe, hit-a- 

 wake. 



Range.— North Atlantic ^nd eastern Arctic regions: breeds in Ail er- 

 ica, from Gulf of Si. l.awr^nre to Greenland; winters south to Gre^l 

 l.aites, Long Island and, rarely. Virginia. 



dOa. Pacific Kittiwake (/?ma tridactji'la pollicaris). 

 Similar to No. 40, but hind toe more developed; black 

 tips to 3 outer primaries, ^ in. or 1 lore in length. Noic^s. 

 "A shrill, harsh cry when disturbed and a low whistle 

 when communicating with each other." (Nelson.) 



Range. — "North Pacific and Bering Sea; t.outh In winter, casually 

 to southern California." (A. O. U.J 



41. Red-legged Kittiwake [Rissa brevirostris). Ads. 



Similar to Ad. of No. 40, but legs red, back and inner 



web of primaries dart;er; bill shorter, 1.2. Yng. Sim- 

 ilar to No. 40, but no black on tail or wings. 



Range.^^oasts and Islands nf Bering .Sea." (A. O. U.) 



54. Ring-billed Gull [Larm dda-u/areiisis). L. 18. 

 Ads., summer, bill greenish yellow, a black band across 

 tip; ends of primaries black, a white spot near tip of 

 outer one. Ads. IVinter. Similar, but head and neck 

 streaked with grayish. Yn^. Tail grayish with a 

 broad black band; primaries black; back brownish gray 

 and whitish; belly white; end half of bill black. 



Range. — North America, cuas( and hitertor; breeds from Newfound- 

 land, southern Miiiiie^uta, aXi'X Qrilish Colviiiibla uoriiiward; winters 

 frum Nova Scotia and British Columbia ±Outh to Cuba and Lower 

 CalifornE4. 



55. Short-billed Gilll (Laruihrachyrkynahtu). L. 17; 



B. 1.50 Ads., summer. Head, neck, tail, and underparts 

 white. Two outer primaries tipped with blnck, their 

 white spaces followed by black; remaining primaries 

 tipped with white. Yng. Grayisli brown; basal half 

 ottailpearl. Notes. "A sharp querulous Awr*-tom," 

 (Nelson.) 



Ranire. — North Pacific; breeds In Alaska and Interior pf northen, 

 British Columbia; winters on coast from British Columbia to southern 

 California. 



52 



