Gulls 



58. Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla). L. i6. Adi., 

 summer. Head dark slate; tail white; bill with red- 

 dish. Ads.,winUr. Similar, but head and throat 

 while witli grayish on nape ajid behind eyeS. Yng. 

 Tail grayish with a broad black band; nape and back 

 ashy brown; forehead and under parts white. Notfs. 

 A nasal eow-itw, also cuk-^uk-nuk, and a high, long- 

 drawn laugh. 



Range. — Eastern North America; breeds from Texas and Hlorlda to 

 Maine and Nova Scoila; rare in interior; winters from South Carolina 

 to northern South America. 



59. Franklin Gull [Larus franklini). L. 15. Ads., 

 summer. Breast with a rosy tinge; outer primaries with 

 wide black spaces near ends, bordered at base and tip 

 with white. Ad^. ^ minter, "Head mainly white, with 

 [its] sides and back grayish dusky." Yng. "Top and 

 sides of liead and back grayish brown; quills dusky, 

 tipped with white; tail with subterminal band of dusky; 

 rest of tail, under parts, forehead, and eyelids white." 

 (Bailey.) 



Range. — Interlorof Norlh; American breeds from Iowa iiiid Minneso- 

 ta hc>tthivard 10 Great Bear I-ake; winters IrOm west Gulf Eutes to 

 Suuth America. 



60. Bonaparte Gull (Larus Philadelphia]. L. i^. 

 Ads., sumnuf. Outer, web of outer primaries and tip 

 black; inner web and Shaft white; bill black. Ads. , wix- 

 iet. Similar, but throat and head white, its back 

 grayish. Yng. Tail white, tipprd with black; outer 

 primary black, inner two-thirds of inner web and space 

 near tip white; rest of plumage much as in young of No. 

 58. 



Range. — North America; breeds In Interior from Hudson Bay and 

 Manitoba west to the Yukon; winters trom British Columbia and 

 Maine to Lower California and Gulf of Mexico. 



' Htl. Ross Gull (^Rhodostetkia rosea) L. 13.5. Bill 

 small, .7; middle tail feathers longest. Ads., sumnwr. 

 White areas tinged with pink; a black collar. Ads., 

 winter. No collar; a bl?ck Spot before eye. Yng. 

 Lesser coverts black, margined with whitish; tail 

 white, central feathers tipped with black; back pearl; 

 ear spot and space about eye dusky; crown white, 

 washed with pearl. 



Range.— "Arctic regions; south In autumn and winter to Kamchat- 

 lea, Point Barrow, Alaska and Disco Bay. Greenland." (A. O. U.) 



62. Sabine Gull (Xema sabinii). L. 14. Tail 

 slightly forked. Ads., summer. Head and throat 

 slaty black, margined behind with black; bill black, 

 tipped with yellow; outer primaries black, small tip and 

 inner half or inner web white. Ads. , winter. Similar, 

 but head and throat white; nape region dusky. Yng. 

 Tail white, tipped with black; crown and back ashy 

 brown; forehead and underparts white. Notes. 'A 

 single harsh grating note." (Nelson.) 



Range — Arctic regions: breeds In America from St. Mlcnaels. 

 Alaska and Melville Bay, Greenland, northward; winters south on At- 

 lantic coast, rarely to New Yurk; casually '» Texas, and on Pactflc 

 coast to Peru, 



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