Perching Birds Marked With Red 



5 I 5. Pine Grosbeak {Pinicola enudeator Uucura). 

 L. 8.5; W. 4.6. Ad. cf. Rosy red in varying amounts; 

 belly gray; wings, tail and center of back feathers 

 blackish brown; two white wing-hars. /fd. ?. Gray, 

 head and rump greenish; breast tinged with greenish. 

 y>ig- &• Like 9, but with head and rump reddish. 

 Wota. Song, sweet; in winter strong and cheery; in 

 spring tender and plaintive. (Chamberlain.) 



Range.— Northeastern North America; breeds Irom New Brunswick 

 and norchern New EngLand nonhward; winters south. Irregularly, to 

 S'lultiern New EnE-iand. Ohio, and Manitoba, and casually to District 

 ol CnlumDIa and Kansas. 



5 I 5a. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak (P. e. mon- 

 taiia). Similar to No. 515b, but decidedly larger, W. 

 4,8, and coloration slightly darker; the adult male with 

 the red of a darker, more carmine hue. CRidgw.) 



Raiiee.—"Rbiky Mountains of United States, from Montana and 

 Idaho to NtwMtxico." (Rldgway.) 



515b. California Pine Grosbeak (P. £. ca.lifnrnica\ 

 Similar to No. 515, but ^ with red much brighter; 

 feathers of back plain ashy gray without darker 

 centers; $ with little it any greenish on rump. 



Range- — Higher parts uf "Central Sierra Nevada, iiurth to Placer 

 Couuly and south lo Fresno Coaiily, CallfornU " (Grlnnell.) 



5 1 5c. Alaskan Pine Grosbeak (P. e. alascmsis). 

 Similyrto No. 515, but decidedly larger with smaller or 

 shorter bill and paler coloration, both sexes having the 

 gray parts of the plumage distinctly lighter, more ashy. 

 (Ridgw.) 



Range, "Nortli western North Anierl[;a except pEiclfic coast, breed" 

 Irig 111 intcTlor <jf Alaska; south, In wUilei. tu edslerii BrilJsh Colum- 

 bia, Montana (BItterroot Valley), etc." (Ridgway.) 



5l5d. Kadiak Pine Grosbeak (P. e. flawmula). 

 Similar to No. 515, but with much larger, relatively 

 longer and more strongly hooked bill; wings and tail 

 grayish brown instead of dull blackish. 



Range, — "IfadTaEc Island and south on the coast to Sitka, Alaska,'* 

 (Ridgway.) 



521. American Crossbill (Loxia tmrvirostra minor'). 

 L.6.[; W. 3.4; B. .66. Tips of mandibles crossed. 

 Ad. cf . Fed, more or less suffused with greenish or 

 yellow, j4d. $. Olive-green, rump and underparts 

 ■yellower. Yng. Resemble Ad. Q. Noias. Calls, 

 when feeding, a conversational twittering; louder and 

 more pronounced when Hying; song, sweet, varied and 

 musical, but of small volume. 



Range.— Northern North America, chlstly eastward; breeds from 

 northern New England (In Alleghenles from Georgia) north and west 

 10 Alaska: winters south Irregularly to Virginia and Nevada; casually 

 to South Carolina and Louisiana. 



521a Mexican Crossbill (i. c. stricMandi). Simi- 

 lar 10 No. 521, but larger; W. 4; B. .78, 



Range. — "Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado, west to the Sierra 

 Nevada, and south throueh New Mexico, Arizona and the tablelands 

 of Mexico to Guatemala. (A. O. If.) 



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