Perching Birds Marked With Yellow or Orancfe 



EASTERN HORNED LARKS. 

 474*. Horned Lark {Otocoris atpusiris). L. 7.7, W. 

 rf, 4.3; ^iti- Hind toe-nail much the longest, /4d. 

 (^, winter. Throat and line over eye distinctly j/dltm; 

 black feathers over eye lengthened, forming when raised 

 little tufts; breast-patch, sides of throat, line over eye 

 ,ind forecrown black, more or less tipped, especi.iliy nn 

 head, with yellowish or brownish; back browni-h in- 

 dibtifictly streaked with blackish; nape, wing and tail- 

 coverts pinkish brown; belly white, lower breast dusky, 

 sides pinkish brown; tail mostly black, outer margin of 

 outer feathers white. J^, summer. Yellow areas whit- 

 er; black areas more distinct; back pinker. Ad. 9, 

 ■uiinter. Similar to cf ; but throat and line over eye less 

 yellow; black areas smaller; back more distinctly 

 streaked. ?, summer. More distinctly Streaked above. 

 Notes. Call, a tseep, -tseep; song, an unmusical, twit- 

 tering warble sung during soaring flight. 



Range.— Eastirn North America; breedsln Labrador and region east 

 nf Hiid5i:jn B.iy: winters south to South Carolina (chiefly on coast; 

 and in the Mississippi Valley to Illinois, 



474b. Prairie Horned Lark (O. a. praticold). W. 

 cf 4; 9,3-8. Line over eye inhite. Similar to No. 

 474, but smaller, line over eye and forehead generally 

 white, the th^-oat often white and never so yellow as 

 in winter specimens of No. 474. 



Range.— Brt^t! Li >, ill Uie Mbslsslppl Valley, sduth to southern II lif.ois 

 and Missouri we5t to easterh Nebraska and Asslniboia; tasi Ihrough 

 northwest*™ P«nnsjlvania and ^^entral New York to western and 

 northern New England; north to Quebec and Ontario; winters south 

 to South Carolina, Kentucky, and Texas. 



474d. Texan Homed Lark (O. a. giraudi). W. c? 

 J. 9; 9i 5-6. Similar to No. 474b, but somewhat 

 smaller and paler; throat, forehead and line over eye 

 yellow; breast, in mules, generally tinged •mihj'ellov). 



Range.— Coast of Texas from Galveston to the Rio Grandt. 



NORTHERN HORNED LARKS. 

 474a. Pallid Horned Lark (O. J. arcticola). W. 

 J^, 4.4; 9, 4.2. Largest of our Horned Larks; 710 jel- 

 low in plumage; throat, forehead and line over eye 

 white: back brown with grayish edgings. 



Rangp.— "In summer, Al.iska (chiefly In theinteriorl with the Yak 

 ley of the Upper Yukon River; in winter south tti Oregon. Utah, and 

 Montana," tOberholser.) 



474k. Hoyt Horned Lark (O. a. hoyti). W. (?, 

 4.4; 9>4-2- Throattinged with yellow; line over eye 

 white; back darker, pink areas richer than in 474a. 

 An intermeiiiate form between Nos. 474 and 474a 



Range. -"In summer. British America from the west shore of Htid- 

 son Bay to (hp Valley of the Mackenzie River, north to the Arctic 

 Coast, south to Lakt^ Athabasca; In winter, southward to Nevada. 

 Utah, Kansas, andMlchlean, casually to Ohioand New York (Lone 

 Island)." (Oberholser.) 



* Fourteensubspecies of this wlfle-raniflnE, variable form are now 

 recognised In America, north of Mexico. Many of them are too 

 closely related to bedlstlnguiEhedeven by detailed d esc riptions. Whan 

 breedino;, they may beidentitiBd, In life, by a knowledge of the area 

 which PHch form aiotie Inhablls atlhlg season. But during their mt- 

 Erations, and in winter, when several forms may be associated. It Is 

 usually not possible to Identify them in the field. The reader Isre- 

 ferred to admirable monographs of this group by J, DwlBht. Jr. (TtiB 

 Auk, vii. i8go,pp. i)a-iso).andH. C.Oberhnlser(Proc, U. S. Hal. 

 Mus., xxjv, iqoa. pp. 801-88*). 



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