Perching Birds Marked With Chestnut or Reddish Brown 



587. Towhee; Chewink (Tipilo ^rythrophtkalmus). 

 L. 8. ihree outer tail-teathers with white; iris red. 

 ^d. (^. Above and breast black; sides reddish chest- 

 nut; belly white. Ad. 9. Above and breast brown. 

 Call, cbswmk or towhee; sorg, a loud, not over 

 musical sweet bird sin-n-ng, and a tremulous refrain flltrji. 



Range. — Ei^iern North Amdrlca, west to the Plains; breeds from 

 Gr'nrgia and l.oiUslana nonh 10 Maine. Ontario, and Manlioh^; wln< 

 lers tinm Vir^hila anJ si, uihern Illinois to hlorida anJ eastern Texai. 

 587a. Wfiite-eyed Towhee {T. e. alleni). Similar 

 to No. 587, but ins whitish; only two outer taii-feath' 

 ers with white tips, or If on third, 1 mere spot. hioUi. 

 CiU, tnwhee, much sli;irper thanjliat of Nu. 587. 



Range. — Floridi, norlh ahnig roast to South Laroiina. 



588. Arc'iicTowhee [Pipilomaculatus arcticus). L. 

 8.7. Ad.(^. Whiietipof ouicrtail-leathermorethan 1.3 

 long; scapulars and back marked with white; bick 

 black more or les^ tipped with brownish. Ad. ?. 

 Breast and back grayish brown; fewer white markings 

 than in (^. Notes. Call, a Catbird-like mew, song^ 

 suggesting that of No; 587, but shorter, more wooden, 

 less musiLLiI, 



Ranee Great Plains; breeding from soultiern Montana and west- 

 ern North Dakota, north to Saskatchewan; winters south and wast to 

 Colorado. Utah, New Mexico, and Texas; east to eastern Kansas. 



588a. Spurred Towhee (P. m. megcdoKyx). Simi- 

 lar to No. 588, but blacker above, no brownbh edgings 

 on tront of back; white markings on back less num- 

 erous; white tip to outer tail-feather foss than i.j long. 



Range. — Rocky Mountain rsglon and west to the Pacific; breeds 

 tram Mexico to British Columbia; mlaratoiy In the northern part of 

 range. 



S88b. Oregon Towhee {P. m. oregonus). Similar 

 to No. 588a, but darker^ practically no brownish edg- 

 ings on back of mal^; sides much deeper; white mark- 

 ings much reduced, the white tip to outer tail-feather 

 less than 1. long; sides much deeper. 



Range. — Pacific C<iAsk trOm San Francisco to British Columbia; 

 winters jouth to southern California. 



588c. San Clemenle Towhee (P. m. demenice). 

 Similar to No. 588a, but adult male with black duller or 

 grayer: female lighter brown. (Ridgw.) 



Ranga. "San Clements. Santa Cniz. Santa Roes, and Santa Cat - 

 alloa UUni3s." southern California. (Grinnell.) 



288d. San Diego Tewhee {P. m. atratus). Similar 

 to No. sSSa, but decidedly darker, with white markings 

 of wings, tail, etc., more restricted; rLimp deep black. 



Ran^.— The southern coast district of southern California, south 

 Into Lower California. (Rldgw.) 



588e. Mountain Towhee (P. m. magnirostris). Sim- 

 ilar to No. 588, but bill much larger, rufous below pal- 

 er, above browner and tinged with olive. (Brewster.) 



liange. -Cape Region of Lower California. 



589. Guadalupe Towhee {Pipilo consobrimts). Sim- 

 ilar to No. 588b in restriction uf white markings, but 

 wings and tail much shorter, W. 3.1; T. 3.2, hind claw 

 mucn larger; Ad. c? sooty rather than black (Ridgw.) 



Range. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 



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