Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White 



611. Purp\e Martin (Progntsubis). L. 7.8. Ad. 



ff. Shining blue-black, all feathers with dusky- 

 bases. Ad. $. Above dull blue-black; breast eray- 

 ish edged with white; belly whitish. Yng. c?. Var- 

 iously intermediate between 9 and Ad. (J. 



Range.— North Amerlta, uACept Pacific coast] breeds north to New- 

 foundland and tilt: Saskalchewan; wltllcrsltt tropks. 



Gila. Westwrn Martin {P. s. hesperia). (^ similar 



to J" of No. 611; $ belly whiter; forehead grayish. 



Range.— Pacific coast froio northern Lower California to Washlne- 

 tnn (and British Columbia?); winters in tropics. 



61 I.I. Cuban Martin {Pragnecrjrpiolmca). W. 5.50, 

 Ad. (f. With feathers of ventral region basally mark- 

 ed with white. Ad. $ and Yng. <^. With breast 

 and flanks sooty grayish brown, belly /iwre wAife. 



Rangp. — Tuba, north In spiing to southern Florida. 



612. ClifT Swallow {P^trochdidon lunifrons). L. 

 5.5. Ads. Throat chestnut, forehead and rump cin- 

 namon-buff; nape gray; crown and back glossy blue- 

 black, the back streaked with white. Yng. Throat 

 dusky, often mixed with chestnut; back blackish 

 brown; rump cinnamon-buff, forehead usually with 

 same. 



Range.— "North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding 

 southto the valleys of the Potomac and Ohio, southern Tejtas. 

 SOOlhern Arizona, and California; Central and South America |n i^ln- 

 ter; not recorded from Florida or W*st Indies.'' (A. O. U.) 



612.2. Mexican Cliff Swallow [Petroehtlidoa nu- 

 lanogastra). Similar to No. 612, but smaller, W. 4.1, 

 forehead deeper, usually chestnut, like throat, rump 

 darker, more rusty. 



Range. — Me.Nico, north to southern Arizona. 



613. Barn Swallow (Hirunda erjilhrngaxtra). L. 

 d^, 7-5; 9 16.5. Tail deeply forked. Ad. S'- Above 

 glossy blue-black, forehead chestnut throat and upper 

 breast chestnut, belly paler. Ad, 9, Forehead, and 

 underparts paler-, tail less deeply forked, liotts. Song, 

 a sweet, twittering, warbling son^. (The notes of all 

 our Swallows, while simple, are dignostic but difficult 

 of description.) 



Range.— North America, north to Greenland and Alaslta; breeds 

 through most of range: winters south to southern Brazil. 



614. Tree Swallow (^Iridoprocne bicolor). L. 6. 

 Ads. Above steel-blue or steel-green; below white. 

 Yng. Sooty gray above; white below. 



Range. — North America; breeds locally from Lat. 41° on Atlantic 

 coasiand Lai. 38" on Facitic coast north to Labrador and Alaska; 

 winters Irom South Carolina and southern CTllfomia tolhe tropics. 

 6 15. Northern Violet-Green Swallow iTaskycmeia 

 thalassina lepida). L. 5.2; W. 4.5, Ad. ^. Above 

 bronze-green; Upper tail-coverts greener; an indistinct 

 nape-ring; mark above eye, cheeks and underparts 

 white; flank-patches white, often showing from above. 

 Ad. 9- Much duller, the head browner, V«^. 

 Above brownish -sooty with a greenish tinge; a whit- 

 ish mark"above and behind eye; below white. 



Range,— Western United States, (rom eastern base of Rockies lo 

 Pacific; breeds from Mexico north to British Columbia; winters in 

 Mexico and Central Amerlcai 



250 



