Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White 



509. Rusty ■■ Blackbird (Scaieaipbagus carolimu), 

 L. 9.5. yfd. (^. Nearly unilorm greenish bljJt, 

 bomclimes witli rusty edgings. Md. 9. blaty gray, 

 generally with some rusty edgings. Winter plumage 

 of both sexes simlLir to summe • but widely tipped wiih 

 rusty above and yellowish rusty below. UoUs. More 

 musical than tliose of ofier BlacKbirJs; calU, tcback or 

 turalee repeated several times. (Bendire.1 



Range — Hfl^tpm North Amerlra wesi to thp Plains: breeds from 

 New Brunswick, northern New England, norlhern New York, sni 

 Manilota, north to LatraJur anil Alaska; winters froin Virginia. 

 Muthern Illinois, and Kansas, southward. 



510. Brewer Blackbird {ScoUcophagjis tpaiioctpha- 

 lus). L. 10. Ad. ^, Whole head viokt-purple, test 

 of plumage bright greenish black. j4d. 9. Grayish 

 brown, throat paler, wings and tail greenish black no 

 rusty. Winter plumage with light grayish brown 

 edgings to the feathers of the ,<interior part of the bojy. 

 Notes. Chock and a loud, shrill whistle- (Bailey.) 



Ran^. — Western North America from the PUIns to the Pafific; 

 breeds from Texas and northern Lower California nonh V) the Sar 

 katchewan and British Columbia; winters in the southeni pans of in 

 range; casually east to Mississippi River stales. 



511. Purple* Crackle {Quisealm quisaUa). L. ^, 

 12, Ad.^. Head, purple, steel-green or steel ...ue; 

 back purple, brassy green or greenish; the feathers 

 aiways with iridiscent bars. Notes. Tchak and a short 

 unmusical call uttered with spread wings and tail. 



Range.— Fjslem rnllitl States^ breeds in lower Mississippi Valley 

 and east of Allefrhanies. from Georgia to Masuchusetls; aini#R 

 from \'ireinla southward through its breeding- range. 



51 la. Florida Crackle (0. 9. aglmis). Simihr to 

 511, but slightly smaller, head always violet purple; 

 back alwavs bottle-green, with iridescent bars. 



Range. — ITorida. north oj the Atlantic coast to Viigjnia, west ODibe 

 (julf Coast to Texas; 



5 Mb, Bronzed Grackre [Q. q, isnitts). Head as in 



No. 511, back and belly bronze, the feathers vshMy 

 a-itbout iridescent bars. 



Range, — Eastern United Slates west to the Rockies; breeds fi lo 

 southern TeAHS to Grttit Slave Lfke. east to Aileghanles. jind, Ir 

 New York, east an d| northeast ^o Cunnecticut. Mas^^chu^etU, «ni 

 Labrador; winter* chiefly In lower Mississippi valley; migraiea In Juil 

 east of the Alleghaniei. 



5 I 3. Boat-tailed Grackle {Migaquiscalus major . L. 

 {f , 16; W. 7.5; T. 7. Ad. (f. Head and neck glossy 



purple; h,ick and belly glossy greenish blue. Ad. ?. 

 Much smaller, T, 5.2: above blackish brown; below 

 soiled rusty buif. Notes. Tcba< ^, a variety of hoarse, 

 rather forced ■whistles and a gurgling roll as of a Coot 

 pattering over the- water. 



Range —Florida, north along tlie coast to Virginia; west along 

 coast to Texas. 



5 1 3a. Great-tailed Grackle (Af. »«. ttuKrourus). Simi- 

 lar to No. 513, but larger, (f , L. 18; 1 . 9. l-oreoai.^. 

 and breast, as well as head and neck, purple, only 

 rump and lower be ily greenish blue; 9 blacker both 

 above and below than 9 of 515. Noiei. Tchat^, a"J 

 a greater variety of squeaky calls and hoarse whistlo 

 than are uttered by No. 51}- 



Range. — Eastern Texas and south Into Mexico- 



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