86 PEEMANENT AND TEMPOEAEY PASTUEES. 



incarnatum, and therefore hay containing it must be got into 

 rick as rapidly as possible. As it happens that the stems are 

 not succulent, Avena elatior is one of the grasses which can 

 quickly be made into hay, and the hay keeps particularly 

 well. 



This grass cannot be called strictly perennial everywhere, 

 but it is fully twice as long-lived as Italian Eye Grass, and grows 

 much herbage in its first year. In the second and subsequent 

 years of its existence it is far superior to Itahan Eye Grass. For 

 permanent pastures it cannot always be regarded as suitable, 

 on account of its uncertain duration, as well as because of its 

 coarseness. 



The long, smooth, narrow, deep green leaves, the youngest 

 of which are tightly twisted or rolled throughout their length, 

 together with the truncate ligule, will help to determine this 

 species when the flowering panicle is absent. 



The rapid growth of Avena elatior makes the plant a gross 

 feeder, and it will absorb any reasonable quantity of manure, 

 especially of the nitrogenous class. 



For a three years' ley one-fifth of the entire sowing would 

 not be an unreasonable quantity on a good deep soil, but its high 

 price makes it necessary to be content with a smaller seeding. 



When sown in autumn a much larger produce is obtained 

 in the following year than from a spring sowing. 



This grass is often erroneously confounded with Avena bul- 

 bosa — a perfectly distinct and worthless weed which is too well 

 known in arable land. The Avena fatua, or Wild Oat, it does 

 not even resemble. 



BEOMUS INEEMIS 

 {Awnless Brome Grass, or Hungarian Forage Grass). 



This grass is much used in the South-east of Europe, and 

 grows an extraordinary amount of fodder. Trials made in this 

 country prove it to be of great value to Enghsh agriculturists. 



