96 PEEMANENT ■ AND TEMPOEAEY PASTUEE8. 



permanent pasture can be laid down with any reasonable hope of 

 a satisfactory result, except in the extreme south. 



I have formed a good grass layer by sowing in autumn with 

 winter oats, and the grass came so forward as to be fit to carry 

 stock in September of the succeeding year. 



Every field sown in autumn should undergo a searching 

 examination in the following spring. If it is evident that the 

 clovers and finer grasses have failed, more seed of the missing 

 sorts should be sown before the grasses become too strong. 

 There need be no anxiety as to the effects of spring frosts, for 

 the grasses will afford the young clovers friendly and effectual 

 shelter. 



