272 



THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY. 



tions, the deviations of such organisms must still be regarded 

 as indirect results of functional adaptations. We must say- 

 that in all cases, adaptive change of function is the primary 

 and ever-acting cause of that change of structure which con- 

 stitutes variation ; and that the variation which appears to 

 be " spontaneous," is derivative and secondary. 



