CHAPTEK III. 

 GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTION-nYPOTnESIS. 



§ 116. Just as the supposition that races of organisms 

 have been specially created, is discredited by its origin ; so, 

 conversely, the s-upposition that races of organisms have 

 been evolved, is credited by its origin. Instead of being 

 a conception suggested and accepted when mankind were 

 profoundly ignorant, it is a conception born in times of com- 

 parative enlightenment. IMoreover, the belief that all organic 

 forms have arisen in conformity with uniform laws, instead 

 of through breaches of uniform laws, is a belief that has 

 come into existence in the most-instructed class, living in 

 these better-instructed times. Not among those who have 

 paid no attention to the order of Nature, has this idea made 

 its appearance ; but among those whose pursuits have famil- 

 iarized them with the order of Nature. Thus the derivation 

 of this moderii hypothesis is as favour«:.ble as that of the 

 ancient hypothesis is unfavourable 



§ 117. A kindred antithesis exists between the two fami- 

 lies of beliefs, to which the beliefs we are comparing severally 

 belong. While the one family has been dying out, the 

 other family has been multiplying. Just as fast as men 

 have ceased to regard different classes of phenomena as 

 caused by special personal agents, acting irregularly ; so fast 

 have they come to regard these different classes of phe- 

 nomena as caused by a general agency acting uniformly — the 



