12 



STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OP COLORADO 



condition and the spore condition. It is in the last of these, in the 

 spore, that the germ is so 'hard to destroy. 



It requires heating for eleven minutes to the boiling point of water 

 to kill all spores, ifthe spores are mixed with honey it requires thir- 

 ty minutes of such heating to destroy all. When kept dry at ordinary 

 temperatures the spores are known to remain alive for several years. 



Symptoms of European Foulbrood : Larvae usually die in younger 

 stages and before cells are capped o\'er. We sometimes find the cells 

 capped and perforated as in American foul brood. The dead brood 

 does not give off a strong offensive glue-pot odor, except in cases 

 where other putref.ying bodies are jDresent. The dead larvae are a 

 grayish yellow at first and later turn to a chocolate brown. They 

 melt down and are found mostly at the back of the cell. The tissues 

 do not string out as much as the larvae of American foulbrood, and 

 when it does string it is of a granular consistency. The disease is 

 generally more prevalent during the first part of the sea,son. 



Treatment of European Foulbrood: It is not necessary to destroy 

 the combs in European foulbrood but remove the old queen and in 

 seven days destroy all queen cells that hare started and introduce a 

 young Italian queen, and the bees will generally remove aU diseased 

 larvae in that time. 



Figure 4 — Display, Weld County Fair, 1922. 



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This is an excellent way to 



