112 FLORA INDICA. 



Ceaeexjlava. Poa alpina. 



„ Fseudo-cyperus. „ nemoralis. 



„ ampullacea. „ pratensis. 



„ paludosa. DactyHs glomerata. 



Alopecurus pratensis. Pestuca ovina. 



Polypogon Monspeliensis. Brachypodium sylvaticiim. 



Agrostis vulgaris. Bromus tectorwin. 



Koehleria cristata. Lolium temulentum. 



Poa amvua. JLorieum. pratense. 



One very remarkable result has already struck us with 

 regard to the Himalayan distribution of European plants, 

 namely, their rapid disappearance to the east of Kumaon. 

 Few species, comparatively, extend into Nipal, and still fewer 

 occur in Sikkim. Thus Myrtus communis, — to mention only 

 a few instances, — is not found further east than Afghani- 

 stan ; Nymphaa alba, Marrubium vuigare, Nepeta Cataria, 

 Potentilla reptans, and Trifoliwn fragiferum, have not been 

 observed beyond Kashmir ; Cratmgus Oxyacantha stops in 

 Kishtwar ; Rubus fruticosus in the outer hills near Jamu ; 

 and Aquilegia vulgaris in Kumaon. There is thus a blending 

 of European forms with the proper Himalayan Flora in the 

 western parts of the chain, just as, to the eastward, we find 

 Chinese and Malayan forms intermixed with it. How far 

 this curious fact is due to climatic or physical causes, our 

 present data do not enable us to decide. It cannot however, 

 we think, be disconnected from the gradually diminishing 

 rain-fall of the more western Himalaya. We ought also not 

 to forget that in the longitude of Kumaon there exists a great 

 watershed, which stretches north-east as far as the sea of 

 Japan; for, however little this point of physical structure 

 may now affect the vegetation of the outer regions of the 

 Himalaya, its influence during the elevation of the land must 

 have been very considerable. 



6. The Egyptian type. — Egypt, Southern Arabia, and the 

 warmer parts of Persia, possess a remarkable similarity of 

 climate to Beluchistan, Sind, and the Panjab, and at the same 



