] FLORA INDIOA. 221 



Hab. In Himalaya prrecipue occidentali temperata et subalpina, ra- 

 rius in orientali ; in montibus Beluchistan. — a. normalis. Kashmir, 

 Kishtwar, alt. 5-10,000 ped.!— ;8. cratcegina. Balti et Kashmir, alt. 

 8-10,000 ped. ! ; Beluchistan ad Kelat, Stoch/—y. sinensis. In Hima- 

 laya temperata et subalpina, a Simla usque ad Balti vulgatissima, alt. 

 6-12,000 pad.! — S. hrachybotrys. In Himalaya temperata et subalpina, 

 a Simla ad Kashmii- frequens, alt. 6-12,000 ped.! Sikkim, vallibus in- 

 terioribus, alt. 9-11,500 ped.!— e. Cretica. Garhwal! Kunawar ! Kash- 

 mir, alt. 9-11,000 ped.! Balti, 10,000 ped.!— (Fl. vere.) (».».) 



DisTRiB. a. In Europa boreali ! et media ! Podolia ! Persia boreali ! 

 Asia minore ! — 0. In Europa centrali ! et orientali ! EumeKa ! Turco- 

 mania! in Asia occidentali et centrali, Soongaria ! necnon in montibus 

 Americse boreaUs I — y. In mont. Hispaniae australis ! et Sicilise. — 

 e. In montibus Hispanise australis ! et insularum maris Mediterranei ! 

 Asise Minoris ! et in Japonia {Thunb.). 



Our Kashmir specimens are in no way distinguishable from the common English 

 form ot B. vulgaris; they have obovate membranous leaves, narrowed into rather 

 long petioles, long pendent racemes, with subfasciculate pedicels, and obovate-obloug, 

 compressed, scarlet berries, with two to five seeds, and sessile stigmata. The bark is 

 attacked by a minute fungus, giving it a dotted appearance, as in England, and which 

 led Torrey and Gray (El. N. Am. p. 50) to give the dotted bark as a distinguishing 

 character between 13. vulgaris and B. Canadensis. Proceeding eastward from Kash- 

 mir the form gradually changes. The glands or rather thickened nerves on the pe- 

 tals are veiy variable ; sometimes there are two diverging thickened lines or tuber- 

 cles, and at others these divide, and in some cases the two lateral nerves unite with 

 the central into a fleshy opaque mass. 



(8. crateegina. Although there are some differences in the fruits of the specimens 

 brought together under this variety or form, we do not find that they are constant 

 or accompanied with any other characters whatever. It is hardly distinguishable, 

 except by the want of a style, from vars. normalis and floriiunda of B. aristata. 

 Stocks considered his Kelat specimens as undoubted B. vulgaris. 



B. emarginata and B, Turcomanica have finely toothed leaves. B. Canadensis 

 has the toothing of Turcomanicay with berries like those of emarginata and o, nor- 

 malis ; some specimens of it in the Hookerian and Smithian Herbaria, fi-om Asa 

 Gray, Boott, Hort, Paris, etc., are absolutely nndistinguishable from B. vulgaris. 

 With regard to some individuals of this variety, they are more nearly allied in habit 

 to B. aristata amongst the Himalayan Berberies, than to vulgaris, for they exhibit 

 the large size of leaf and coriaceous texture of that plant. But a moment's reflec- 

 tion vrill show that this is what should be expected, the hot summers of Western 

 Asia, Siberia, and the Canadas being more favourable to the foliage becoming co- 

 riaceous, than the damper climate of Western Europe is; and the same thing hap- 

 pens in North-west India, where the forms of Berbery belonging to this group have 

 more membranous leaves in humid localities than in dry. Torrey and Gray indeed 

 say that B. Canadensis is " very distinct from B. vulgaris, with which it has in 

 some degree been confounded" (Fl. Bor. Am. i. p. 50); but these authors give no 

 characters that are not common to both European and Asiatic specimens of B. vul- 

 garis, and authentic specimens from Dr. Gray show them to be specifically identical. 

 In a letter Dr. Gray informs us that, as seen growing in America, they appear very 

 distinct, but that no definite characters are observable ; and the same may be said of 

 many forms of B. vulgaris in this country, as any good nursery-garden proves. 



y. sinensis. Our extensive suites of specimens accord perfectly with Moris' figure 

 and description, and vary a great deal in the amount of toothing of the leaves and in 

 the length of the racemes (in which there is less tendency to become abbreviated and 



