ILL USTRA TIONS xxi 



FiocnE Page 



40. Lima squamosus . 51 



41. Antler of Cervutus (?) dicranoceras .... . . 53 



42. Antler of Cercus pardintnxis .... ... . . 53 



43. Antler of the Fallow Deer (Cervus damn) . 53 



44. Zoea of the common crab (^Cancer irroratus) .... .56 



45. Profile of head of Chamceleon Oweni : male 60 



46. Female of the same s])L'ciL's . 60 



47. Profile of a spider {Ccerostris viitralis) on a twig mimicking a 



spiny excrescence ... 61 



4S. The larva of the Early Thorn Moth (Selenia illunarici) resting 



on a twig ; showing mimicry of stem and spiniform processes 61 



49. Australian Pipe-fish (Phyllopleryx eques) and frond of sea-weed 



in lower right-hand corner; showing mimicry . 62 



50. AUorchestes aniiaiu>!, a spiny amphipod from Lake Titicaca; 



female .... . ... 65 



51. Acontaspis hastala, a radiolarian ; showing multiplication of 



spines by repetition . . . . . . . 69 



52. Slrophalona keokuk, an attached brachiopod; showing the spines 



extending from the ventral valve to and along the surface of 



attachment . . . . ... 69 



63. A gastropod shell (Platyceras) to which are attached a number 



of Strophalosia keokuk . . 69 



54. The spiny Cytisus (C spinosus); showing suppression of 



branches into spines . ... ... 75 



55. A single leaf of Tragacanth (Astragalus Tragacanthn), from 



which the three upper leaflets have fallen ... 75 



66. Leaf axis of the same, from which all the leaflets have fallen . . 7.j 



57. Twig of common locust {Robinia Pseudacacia) ; showing spines 



representing stipules . . . . . 75 



58. Portion of skin of Python ; showing the spurs which represent 



the suppressed or vestigial hind legs . . . . . 76 



59. Bones of suppressed legs of Python . . . . .... 76 



60. Dorsal view of Spirifer mucronatus ; Devonian ; showing spini- 



form cardinal angles . ..... 78 



61. Illcenus (OctilloBnus) Hisingeri, Ordovioian, Bohemia; atrilohite; 



showing spiniform pleural extremities of first thoracic 

 segment . . ... . . .... 79 



62. Cheirurus insignia, Silurian, Bohemia; pygidium and six 



thoracic segments . . . . .... 79 



63. Deiphon Forhesi, Silurian, Bohemia ; entire specimen ; showing 



spiniform pleura of segments corresponding in direction to 

 those of the pygidium 79 



64. Liclias scahra, Silurian, Bohemia ; pygidium, with three thoracic 



segments ; showing spiniform ends of pleura 79 



