624 



INDEX 



horua of, 21. 

 oyster and its allies, observations made 



upon, Jackson, 237. 

 oysters, spiny, 23. 



Packard, A. S., appendages in embryo 

 of Limulus, 209. 



cause of spines in Schizur^e, 80. 

 geological development of Trilo- 

 bita, Brachiopoda, and Ammo- 

 noidea, 98. 

 mimicry in caterpillar of Schizura, 



62. 

 origin of spines, etc., in caterpillars, 



55. 

 protective spines and tubercles in 

 caterpillars of certain moths, 65. 

 results of hypertrophy in Crustacea, 



38. 

 spines on larvsB of geometrid 

 moths, 46. 

 Paget, James, results of pressure on an 



organism, 28. 

 Palcemon, embryos of, 192. 

 PalEeocarida, 114. 

 PalcEopyge, 142. 

 palm, climbing, length of stems in, 



Kerner, 88. 

 palms, spiniferous, 72. 

 Paludina Ecernesi, differentiation in, 

 66. 



Neumayri, 66. 



Slavonian, diflfereutiation of, in 

 Lower Pliocene, Neumayr and 

 Paul, 66. 

 Panderia, 146, 147. 



position of eyes in, 147. 

 Parabolina, 142, 145. 

 ParaholineUa, 142, 145. 

 Paradoxides, 113, 142, 143, 144, 154, 

 178. 

 Cambrian, 183. 



free thoracic segments in, 183. 

 glabella in, 180. 

 large eyes in, 183. 

 pygidium in, 143. 



spinosus, spiniform pleural exten- 

 sions of, 79. 

 young, 142. 



Paradoxinee, 143. 

 paragerontic stage, 248, 270. 

 ParamiBcia, 231. 



parasitic organisms, Hfe history of, 40. 

 Parodiceras discoideum, differences in, 

 436. 



( Goniatites) discoideum, 436. 

 Paterina, 233, 267, 286. 

 labradmica, 233. 

 new genus, 232. 

 stage, 233, 267, 268. 

 the prototype of brachiopods, 286. 

 valves of, 233. 

 Paterula, 243. 



pear, loss of spines of, by cultivation, 

 74. 

 spiniform branches of neglected, 

 75. 

 termination of stems of, 10. 

 Peckham, E. G., protective mimetic 



features in MadagEiscar spider, 61. 

 Pecten, 23. 



development of spines in many 



species of, 14. 

 -like stage of Spondylus, 20, 21. 

 Pedicle-opening, development of, Clarke, 

 240. 

 -openings, characters of, Deslong- 

 champs, 240. 

 of Brachiopoda, 38. 

 types of, 240. 

 Peleoypoda, 230, 255. 



larval shell of, 19, 20. 

 phylogeny of, Jackson, 23. 

 prodissoconch of, 19, 20, 23, 122. 

 Jackson, 231. 

 pelecypods, spines on post-umbonal 



slope of, 45. 

 Peltura, 142, 145. 

 Peneus, 187, 188. 

 eyes in, 117. 

 Pentagonia, 246. 

 Pentamerella, 245. 

 Pentamerus, 257. 

 Peregrinella, 246. 

 Perforata, ancestry for, 425. 

 periconch, smooth, of MoUusca, 18. 

 Phacopidae, 129, 131, 152, 153. 

 defined, 156. 

 schizocroal eyes in, 157. 

 Phacopini, 152. 

 Phacops, 113, 129, 143, 156, 222. 



