630 



INDEX 



genesis, summary of causes of, 41. 

 growth in desmids and diatoms, 42, 

 43. 

 in Echinoidea and Asteroidea, 



69. 

 in Spondylus calci/er, 17. 

 of a, 10. 

 stages of, 19. 

 indirect and regressive growth of, 



10. 

 production in Articnlata, 13. 

 in cattle, 13. 

 in Crustacea, 13. 

 in deer, 13. 

 in Echinoidea, 13. 

 in elk, 13. 

 in giraffe, 13. 

 in Radiolaria, 13. 

 in Rhinoceros, 13. 

 terminal, in Eucyrtidium degans, 

 Podocyrtis Schomburgki, Tridic- 

 tyopus conicus, Cornutella Jiexa- 

 gona, 44. 



on Euglypha mucronata, 43. 

 on Nasellarian Eadiolaria, 43. 

 spines, absence of, in old age of Spondy- 

 lus calcifer, 21. 

 accelerated development of, in Acid- 

 aspis, 22. 



in Arthropoda, 22. 

 in giraffe, 22. 

 in Mammalia, 22. 

 in Trilobita, 22. 

 barbed, etc., on thicket plants, 



Kerner, 88. 

 compound, 16. 



in Asteroidea and Crinoidea,68. 

 in Echinoidea, 68. 

 in fishes, 68. 

 in Radiolaria, 68. 

 development of, in Gastropoda, 14. 

 in Lima, 14. 



in shells of Brachiopoda, 13, 

 14. 

 of Mollusca, 13. 

 in Spondylus, 14. 

 epimeral and tergal, in Orchestidse, 



36. 

 growth and differentiation of orna- 

 ment into, 11. 

 minute, in early genera of Echi- 

 noidea (sea-urchins), 25. 



in desert plants, 39. 



indirect growth of, in barberry, 



12. 

 in Foraminifera, Brady, 49. 

 in larval stages of Crustacea, 19. 



of insects, 19. 

 in Munx, 17. 

 in Spumellarian Eadiolaria, Haec- 



kel, 44. 

 of Brachiopoda, 10. 

 of Crustacea, 10. 

 of Mollusca, 10. 

 of vertebrae, 9. 

 on fishes, 9. 

 on fundus of Dijfflugia acuminata, 



D. constricta, D. corona, 43. 

 on larvse of geometrid moths, Pack- 

 ard, 46. 

 on Limulus polyphemus, 22. 

 on Michelinia favosa, 39. 

 on Placocista spinosa, 43. 

 on stems of pear, 10. 

 on zoea of Decapoda, 46. 

 origin and significance of, 3. 

 passage from simple to compound, 



17. 

 primary series of, in Spondylus, 17. 

 taxonomic value of, Harris, 101. 

 what they are, 4. 

 what they represent, 4. 

 spinose, individual, ontogeny of, 18. 

 spinous forms, phylogeny of, 23. 



growth in Spondylus calcifer, 21. 

 processes on the plant body, Bailey, 

 90. 

 spiny oysters, 23. 



Spirifer, 231, 246, 256, 260, 284, 318, 

 387, 395, 399. 

 absence of embryonal sinus in, 388. 

 crispa, 380. 



var. simplex, 380. 

 crispus, 315, 352. 



areal development of, 390. 

 concentric ornamentation in, 



397. 

 development of, 381. 



of deltidial plates in, 392. 

 discussion of, 380. 

 var. simplex, 315, 352. 

 development of, 381. 

 discussion of, 380. 

 cumberlandice, 383, 385. 



