14. 
SPRAYING. 
There was a time, apparently, when fruit could be 
grown without the many troubles that we now experience. 
At present, however, there are few if any parts of the 
country where perfect apples can be grown without spraying. 
It is a common practice in commercial orcharde to 
make about four applications. These may differ as to 
the fungicide used but the most up to date orchardists, 
follow a program as here indicated. 
First Treatment. After the work of pruning and 
scraping has been finished, and the bude are beginning 
to swell, the trees should be given a thorough cleaning 
up, spray with lime-sulphur. The commercial lime- 
sulphur tests about 32 or 33 degrees Baume and should 
be diluted with eight parte of water before applying. 
If the weather has been comparatively warm for a few days 
and the buds are rapidly awelling, arsenate of lead 
should be added to this spray at the rate of about two 
pounds to each fifty gallons. This will aid materially 
in the control of the bud-moth, the caterpillars of which 
begin to emerge from their winter cases preparatory to 
wntering the newly opening bude. Hence, 1f the buds 
are well coated with poison, the first meal eaten from 
the surface destroys the pests before they can get in- 
Bide, After the caterpillars have once gained an en- 
trance, further spraying appears to have no effect on 
