Marketing 203 



commission man takes six per cent of the sales and returns 

 the balance to the grower, who then pays the Southern 

 Produce Company for its services. Forwarding associa- 

 tions are being gradually superseded by pooling associa- 

 tions. 



Pooling associations are examples of real cooperation, 

 in that all the berries are sold under the association brand, 

 and the members divide the proceeds, share and share 

 alike, in proportion to the amount of fruit they have con- 

 tributed to each pool. A pool consists of berries of one 

 variety and one grade; all "fancy" Klondikes are in one 

 pool and all "No. 1" Klondikes in another. The pool 

 may be daily, weekly or seasonal, usually the latter. One 

 or more executive officers are employed to supervise 

 packing and loading and to sell the berries. The grower 

 relinquishes his right to direct the disposition of his fruit 

 when he leaves it at the shipping shed. 



Essentials to success in cooperative marketing. 



Shipping associations are not likely to succeed except 

 under the following conditions : 



(1) The grading and packing must be under the supervi- 

 sion of the association, not left to the individual members. 



(2) The members must be obligated to ship all their 

 berries, except such as are needed for home use, through 

 the association. 



(3) There must be a large quantity of berries of similar 

 variety and grade. 



(4) The association must be democratic; each mem- 

 ber should have but one vote, regardless of the amount 

 of stock that he owns. Unless these conditions are 

 provided, the grade of fruit may be lowered if it is 

 pooled. The grower realizes that the identity of his 



