DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS 29 
year being sufficient to maintain them in a sufficiently 
vigorous state. Bone dust spread over the surface at 
the rate of four ounces to the square yard will be a good 
substitute for manure from the farmyard. A moderate 
amount of thinning will occasionally be required, and 
this should be done by the removal of weakly and ex- 
hausted shoots. As they bloom on shoots of the previ- 
ous year, none of these must be removed when pruning, 
except for some special reason. They can be propagated 
from suckers which rise freely about the base, also from 
cuttings of ripened shoots in the autumn, which should 
be cut into lengths of seven or eight inches and inserted 
in the open border, where they should remain for twelve 
months and be then transplanted. 
The Philadelphus frequently fail to bloom satisfac- 
torily and contribute so liberally to the attractions of the 
garden, as they should do, owing to their being crowded 
up with other shrubs. They are eminently satisfactory 
when planted in rather large beds on the lawn by them- 
selves, and when so arranged a few can be removed or 
some of the branches cut away, as they show signs of 
becoming overcrowded. They present an attractive 
appearance when arranged singly or in groups in the 
shrubbery, provided care is taken to prevent their 
becoming overcrowded by cutting away the other shrubs 
growing near them. The finest of the forms are: 
Philadelphus coronatus, a beautiful species ranging from 
six to ten feet in height, and producing in May a profusion 
of white fragrant flowers an inch or so in diameter ; P. 
coronarius Keteleeri has double white flowers, and is the 
best of the double Mock Oranges; P. Gordonianus, a 
very fine species rising to a height of eight or ten feet and 
bearing in July large pure white flowers; it is especially 
valuable for the large size and purity of its flowers and 
for the late period at which it blooms. P. grandiflorus 
is similar to the last-named, but the flowers are hardly 
