DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS 31 
(Purple-flowering Raspberry) will suffice. The first- 
named is of slender growth, attaining a height of from 
three to five feet, and produces in May large white 
salver-shaped flowers. ‘The second is erect in growth, 
and has fragrant foliage, and bears corymbs and purplish 
red flowers during the summer. 
Rises, oR FLowerRinG Currants.—These are de- 
sirable for the bright colouring they give to the 
shrubbery early in the spring. They resemble in general 
character the currants grown for their fruit, and will 
thrive in almost all soils and situations. They should 
be arranged singly in the second row of the shrubbery. 
The most desirable are Ribes sanguineum, which has 
deep red flowers, with its varieties atro-rubens, deep 
ruby red; album, white; lore pleno, double red; 
grandiflorum, light pink. 
Spirmas. — The shrubby species of Spirea are 
numerous and form a large group, of which a consider- 
able proportion are so attractive when in bloom as to be 
deserving of general cultivation. They will all grow 
freely and bloom satisfactorily when planted in ordinary 
garden soil, and assisted with annual top dressings of 
leaf-mould and well-rotted manure. Propagation may 
be effected by means of cuttings of the young shoots 
inserted in pots filled with sandy soil, and placed in a 
frame or pit where they can be kept close, and by 
layering in autumn, the lower shoots being selected for 
the layers. A somewhat light and comparatively rich 
soil is the most suitable. 
Shrubby spirzas are very effective when arranged in 
beds on the lawn, and also produce a charming effect 
when in groups of from three to five plants along 
the front of the shrubbery. The strong growers make 
excellent specimens planted singly on the lawn. Those 
which can be specially recommended comprise: Spiraea 
arguta, a beautiful hybrid, attaining a height of three or 
