14 THE BOOK OF SHRUBS 
planting alongside running streams and on the margin 
of lakes and ponds. Some of the species have a brilliant 
red bark, and consequently present a bright effect when 
leafless during the autumn and winter months. They 
may be readily increased by cuttings, layers, or seeds. 
Cuttings of the well ripened shoots taken early in the 
autumn and inserted in sandy soil in an unheated frame 
or under a hand-glass will usually root freely. If any 
difficulty is experienced in striking the cuttings of either 
of the kinds, select medium-sized shoots as soon as the 
leaves have fallen and peg them down round the plant, 
previously making a transverse cut half-way through 
the shoot in an upward direction, and then cover the 
portion pegged down with two or three inches of soil. 
The seed should be sown in the autumn or early in the 
spring in an unheated frame and planted out in nursery 
lines in the kitchen garden when a few inches in height. 
The several species differ in height and should be 
assigned positions in the shrubbery according to their 
stature, the dwarf-growing kind being planted along the 
front. They appear to the greatest advantage when 
planted in rather large groups on the water’s edge or in 
the semi-wild positions, and should be sparingly planted 
in small gardens. 
The most noteworthy of the several species are: The 
White-fruited Dogwood (Cornus alba) a rather handsome 
species with white flowers and fruits, and red stems. 
Height about nine feet. Round-leaved Dogwood (C. 
circinalis) a distinct form with cymes of white flowers 
followed by blue fruits, and purple bark; height about 
seven feet. Japanese Dogwood (C. Kousa) a handsome 
Japanese species, attaining a height of about five feet, 
and bearing clusters of smal] yellow flowers, each with 
four large white bracts. The bracts have a diameter of 
about three inches and are the most attractive part of the 
inflorescence. Cornelian Cherry (C. Mas) a handsome 
