DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS 11 
and flowering profusely, but as in the case of the 
majority of shrubs they are the most satisfactory when 
planted in soil that is moderately rich and well drained. 
They may be propagated by means of layers and 
suckers which should be taken off when nicely rooted 
late in the autumn; and also by means of cuttings of 
well-ripened shoots, which should be taken in October 
and rooted under hand-glasses in the open. The follow- 
ing autumn they will be rooted sufficiently to be planted 
in nursery lines to strengthen previous to their being put 
in their permanent quarters. 
The best of the deciduous Berberis are: B. canadensis 
or Canadian Barberry, an elegant shrub attaining a height 
of about four feet and having a profusion of drooping 
racemes of yellow flowers during the spring months; 
B. chinensis or Chinese Barberry, a distinct species grow- 
ing to a height of from four to six feet and flowering in 
May, the flowers bright yellow and borne in pendent 
racemes; and B. Thunbergi or Thunberg’s Barberry, a very 
handsome Japanese species of dwarf spreading growth, 
and not less remarkable for the splendid colouring of its 
leaves and fruits in autumn than for the effectiveness of 
its flowers in spring. The growths are slender, grace- 
fully arching, and in April they bear along the greater 
part of their length pendent yellow and red flowers, 
which are followed by fruits that in the autumn become 
of a bright scarlet colour. In the autumn the leaves 
change to bronze, crimson and red, and when the plants 
are of considerable size they produce a very rich effect. 
This species should have a place in the front row of the 
shrubbery border and on the margin of beds and groups 
of shrubs. B. vulgaris or Common Barberry is a robust 
growing shrub attaining, under favourable conditions, a 
height of eight or ten feet. It blooms freely during the 
spring months, the flowers being yellow and produced 
in short racemes. ‘These are succeeded by clusters of 
