CULTURAL 7 
factory growth. In many cases considerable assistance 
will be derived from two or three liberal root waterings 
in May and occasional overhead syringings. Evergreens 
moved in August should be syringed overhead three or 
four times a week in dry weather for the purpose of 
reducing the evaporation until the roots are able to take 
up moisture in quantities sufficient for the requirements 
of the plants, 
It is important to avoid overcrowding, and there are 
two courses open to the planter ; one to arrange the plants 
far enough apart to allow for several seasons’ growth 
and the other to plant somewhat closer and remove a 
certain proportion of the plants when they are beginning 
to touch each other. The first is the preferable of the 
two courses, and until the shrubs occupy the whole 
space, the borders can be made bright with bulbs in 
spring and annuals in summer. The annuals should be 
dwarf in growth so that they will not interfere with the 
development of the shrubs and also be rather thin on 
the ground. Anemones, chinodoxas, muscari, snow- 
drops and other spring flowering bulbs may be grown 
permanently amongst shrubs as they will produce 
beautiful displays of flowers without in the slightest 
interfering with their growth. 
Very little pruning will be required, and in the case 
of flowering shrubs should be limited to the removal in 
the winter of the old and exhausted growths. When 
shoots are cut back annually as is done in many cases 
under the erroneous impression that an annual pruning 
is a necessary part of the management of shrubs they 
produce but few if any flowers and present a formal and 
unsatisfactory appearance. Branches that are likely to 
spoil the contour of a specimen or invade a neighbour’s 
territory should as a matter of course be cut hard back. 
Much the same practice should be followed in the case 
of evergreens, and they are here referred to specially 
