64 THE BOOK OF SHRUBS 
of interesting and attractive evergreens of low growth, 
and more or less remarkable for their bright red berries. 
They make a vigorous growth, and fruit freely in all 
descriptions of soil and in the most diverse situations. 
They produce a pleasing effect when arranged in small 
groups on the lawn, and also in groups on the margin of 
beds and borders devoted to shrubs, but they appear to 
the greatest advantage when judiciously employed for 
the latter purpose. They are also most useful for 
planting on rock-covered banks and by the side of rustic 
and other steps, C. Aorizontalis being the best for the 
Jatter purpose. They can be readily increased by means 
of cuttings and seeds. 
The most useful of the several species with evergreen 
foliage are: Cotoneaster buxiflora, C. horizontalis, C. pannosa 
and C. thymifolia, and these range in height from one to 
four feet high. 
Cratacus.—The free fruiting Crategus Pyracantha 
and its variety Le/andi are the most useful of all the 
evergreens other than ivies for covering wall spaces. 
They are not particular as to the soil or aspect, and are 
free in growth, clothing considerable wall spaces in a 
comparatively short time, and in the spring they produce 
a profusion of white hawthorn-like flowers, which are 
followed by large clusters of fruits that in the autumn 
change to crimson and orange - scarlet respectively. 
They should be trained closely to the wall until the 
area is covered, and then a little latitude should be 
allowed to the secondary growths to prevent flatness, 
but they must not extend more than twelve inches 
from the wall surface. 
EscaLLonias.—T hese form a small group of evergreen, 
elegant in habit and free in flowering. In all but 
favoured districts they require the shelter of a wall with 
sunny aspect. They may be planted against the walls 
of a dwelling or other building, but they are the most 
