452 



DISEASES OF BEES. 



of the solution. The water can be measured in the same way. 

 Describing the Hilbert process, Mr. Cowan, who has 

 also succeeded in curing a number of cases, writes : 



'794. " One of the simplest and most rapid ways of curing the 

 disease Is by Hubert's fumigating process, as the fumes of salicy- 

 lic acid have the power of penetrating everything in the hive and 

 destroying all the germs of foul-brood. The apparatus used for this 

 purpose is the fumigator improved by Mr. Ed.Bertrand, (fig. 187). 



rig. 187. 

 bbetrajsid fumigator. 



It consists of a cylinder A, to which is hinged, at D, a cover B, 

 having a nozzle at C. This is 5 inches by 1 J, so as to be easily in- 

 serted between hive and floor board, and it is kept in position by 

 the fastening E. A spirit lamp H, has the flame so regulated that 

 the acid placed in the metal dish I, above it, is gently evaporated. 

 The hive to be operated upon is not removed from its stand, but 

 it! raised up at the back oflf its floor-board by means of blocks of 

 wood, and wedges are inserted at the sides, so as to leave only 

 space for the insertion of nozzle, C, of fumigator. With hives on 

 legs, the floor-board can be lowered. Fifteen and a half grains of 

 salicylic acid are then placed in the dish I, and the flame of the 

 lamp so regulated that the acid is gently evaporated. Too much 

 flame will cause it to boil over, and waste ; too little would not 

 melt it, so that just the right amount is found out by experiment. 

 The nozzle of the fumigator in operation is now inserted in the 



