102 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



narcotic for dogs, injected subcutaneously; less suitable for 

 horses ; ruminants are strongly excited by morphine. Ether is used 

 as a narcotic for cats [in the surgical clinic at Copenhagen it is 

 used for cattle; it is also frequently used for dogs]. 



Local Anaesthesia. — The principal local anaesthetic for all 

 domestic animals is cocaine (ophthalmology, cutaneous injections in 

 the form of infiltration anaesthesia, subcutaneous injection, lumbar 

 injection, rectal mucous membrane, nasal mucous membrane, etc.). 

 More frequently than for therapeutic purposes, cocaine is injected 

 subcutaneously in horses for diagnostic purposes (differential 

 diagnosis of lamenesses). The local action of cocaine is assisted, 

 and its toxicity is at the same time decreased, by the addition of 

 adrenalin (suprarenin) to the cocaine solution. The newer local 

 anaesthetics: novocaine, tropacocaine, holocain, acoin, eucaine B, 

 ansesthesin, alypin, stovain, nervanin, orthoform, zycloform, pro- 

 paesin, etc., have, with the exception of alypin, not displaced 

 cocaine. Ethyl chloride has replaced ether as a local anaesthetic. 

 Anaesthesia by cold (compressed carbonic acid) is little used in 

 veterinary medicine. 



The history of general and local anaesthesia has been written by 

 Regenbogen (Monatshefte fur praktische Tierheilkunde, Bd. xx, 

 1909). 



