106 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



by blanketing in the stable. Hot-house breeding has the effect of 

 making the breed too refined (predisposition to tuberculosis and 

 other lung diseases). Finally, isolation and veterinary police 

 control are of great prophylactic importance in dealing with the 

 infectious diseases. 



Inhalations in the Treatment of Domestic Animals. — In spite of numerous 

 experimental investigations very divergent views still prevail regarding the 

 therapeutic value of inhalations for man and animals, also concerning the 

 effectiveness of inhalation apparatus and especially on the question as to how 

 far and in what amount inspired medicines penetrate into the respiratory 

 tract. The first scientific investigations on the subject were made in 1858 by 

 Sales-Giron with an inhalation apparatus in which, with the assistance of a 

 compression pump, the medicated fluid was forced under three to four atmo- 

 spheres pressure through a very fine outlet against a solid plate and thus 

 divided into a very fine spray. In experiments with this apparatus, Pietra- 

 Sanda and Briau did not succeed in introducing the inhaled medicine beyond 

 the larynx and therefore concluded that when it was used the sprayed fluid 

 would not generally arrive in the deeper parts of the lungs. New apparatuses 

 were constructed by Siegle, Bergson, Mathieu, Bulling and Wassmuth in which 

 the fluids were sprayed by compressed air or were vaporized by heat. Experi- 

 ments with these apparatuses did not give uniform results, as wiU be seen 

 from the following: 



Sanger (Munch. med.Woch., 1901) denies the possibility of sprayed fluids 

 penetrating to the deeper parts of the respiratory tract. Upon the basis of 

 experiments with the Siegle apparatus on phantom lungs, he does not beUeve 

 that any of the fine droplets of sprayed fluids reach the bronchi or pass beyond 

 the larynx when given by inhalation with this apparatus. Consequently, he 

 regards the inhalation of fluids in fine spray as of no therapeutic value. Seige 

 (Dissertation, 1905), on the other hand, concluded from physical investiga- 

 tions with the Bergson-Siegle apparatus that the inhalation-stream can pene- 

 trate to the deeper parts of the lungs (no experiments were made upon animals) . 

 Emmerich (Miinch. med. Woch., 1901) tested the apparatuses of Bulhng 

 and Wassmuth on dogs with inhalations of boric acid solution and brine and 

 found the boric acid in the deeper parts of the respiratory tract (margins of 

 the lungs) after the dogs were destroyed; he is of the opinion that nothing 

 reaches the alveoli when the ordinary inhalation apparatus is used and that 

 the medicament reaches these parts only when it ia administered in the form of a 

 fine spray with a specially constructed apparatus. After inhalations of gentian 

 violet solution with BuUing's apparatus, von Schrotter (Miinch. med. Woch., 

 1903) found the pigment in the smallest broncM and in the alveoli; he regards 

 the newer apparatuses very favorably. 



