GLOSSARY. 



913 



Campylodromous, applied to the manner in which 

 veins are distributed. See vol. i. p. 633, fig. 150 *. 



Campylotropous, used of an ovule or seed in which 

 the nucellus, with its integuments, is bent so that 

 the apex is brought near to the point of attachment. 



Canker, a vague term applied to the disease or Fungus 

 which attacks plants and causes slow decay. 



Capillitium, the thread-like fibres, often united into 

 a reticulum, which are developed within the spores 

 of Myxomyoetes and many Gasteromycetes. 



Capitulum, a head or globular cluster of sessile 

 flowers. 



Caprification, the custom of hanging branches of the 

 wild Fig in the cultivated trees so as to ensure pol- 

 lination by means of the gall-insects thus introduced. 



Caprificus, the uncultivated male form of the com- 

 mon Fig. 



Capsule, a dry, dehiscent fruit. 



Carobe di Giude, Turpentine Gall-apple, produced 

 on Pistaoia Lentiscus by a Pemphigus. 



Carpel, a single-celled ovary or seed-vessel, or a single 

 cell of an ovary or seed-vessel together with what 

 belongs to that cell ; it may be regarded as a modi- 

 fied leaf. 



Carpium, or Carp, the oogonium modified by fertili- 

 zation, which remains as an envelope around the 

 embryo. Of. vol. ii. p. 47. 



Carpo-ascl, the more complex Asoomycetous Fungi 

 — all except the Exoascacese. 



Carpophylla, the carpels. 



Caruncle, a localized outgrowth of the seed-ooat; a 

 sort of aril. 



Caryophyllaceous, appertaining to the Pink family. 



Caryopsis, an indehiscent one-seeded fruit, in which 

 the thin seed-coat adheres to the pericarp, as in all 

 cereal grains. 



Catapult-fruits, fruits in which the dispersal of the 

 seeds or fruit-segments is due to the elastic reaction 

 of the resilient peduncles or pedicels. 



Catkin, a pendulous inflorescence bearing flowers of 

 one sex only ; an amentum. 



Caudex, a trunk or unbranohed stem. 



Caudex columnaris, an erect columnar stem, as in 

 Palm-trees. 



Caulescent, having an obvious stem rising above the 

 ground. 



Cauline, appertaining to the stem. 



Caulis, the stem or stalk. 



Caulis herbaceus, a herbaceous stem. 



Caulis suffruticosus, a suffruticose stem; the stem 

 of an under-shrub. 



Caulome, a stem-structure, or the stem-like portion 

 of a plant. 



Cecidium, a gaU or hypertrophy on a plant-member, 

 due to the stimulating action of an insect or Fungus. 



Cell, the structural unit in the formation of plants; 

 one of the individualized portions of which plants 

 are built up. 



Cell-membrane, the cell-wall. 



Cell-plate, used here of aggregates of cells in one 

 plane. 



Cell-sap, the watery fluid contained in a cell. 



Cellular, consisting of cells. Sometimes used of 

 plants which are destitute of vessels. 



Cellulose, a carbo-hydrate of which cell-membranes 

 are composed ; the essential constituent of cell- walls. 



Centrifugal, a term applied to such inflorescences as 

 develop from the centre outwards. 

 VOL. II. 



Centripetal, a term applied to such inflorescences as 

 develop from without inwards. 



Cephalonion gall, a sac-Hke gaU joined to the leaf 

 by a narrow neck. 



Ceratonion gall, a hoUow, thick-walled, horn-like 

 gall, belonging to the series of Mantle-galls. 



Chalaza, the part of an ovule where nucellus and 

 integuments cohere ; the base of the nucellus. 



Chalazogamic, applied to fertilization in flowering 

 plants via the chalaza and not by the micropyle, e.g. 

 in the Hazel. 



Chlamydospore, the reproductive organ in some 

 Fungi. 



Chloranthy, the production of green flowers ; a sup- 

 posed reversion of floral structures to a primitive 

 foliar condition. 



Chlorenchyma, a term sometimes given to a green, 

 chlorophyll-containing tissue. 



Chlorophyll, the ordinary green pigment of plants 

 which is the agent in the process of carbon assimi- 

 lation. 



Chlorophyll-corpuscles,protoplasmio bodies distinct 

 from, yet imbedded in, the general cell-protoplasm 

 of the green parts of plants. The chlorophyll is 

 restricted to these corpuscles. 



Chromatophore, a general term for any protoplasmic 

 body containing a pigment. ChlorophyU-corpusoles 

 are chromatophores. 



Chromosomes. See Fibrils. 



Cilia, delicate protoplasmic filaments serving as organs 

 of locomotion, as in zoospores, &c. 



Cincinnus, a form of cymose inflorescence, a one-sided 

 cyme. 



Cirrhus capreolus, a term for stem-tendrils, i.e. 

 branch-tendrils and flower-stalk tendrils. 



Cirrhus costalis, a projecting or excurrent midrib, 

 modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus foliaris, a leaf modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus peduncularis, a flower-stalk modified as a 

 tendril. 



Cirrhus petiolaris, a petiole or leaf-stalk modified 

 as a tendril. 



Cirrhus radicalis, a root modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus rameaneus, a tendril which is a modified 

 branch. 



Cirrhus stipularis, a tendril which is a metamor- 

 phosed stipule. 



Cladodes, leaf-like branches. See PhyUodade. 



Clamp-cells, here used for the papUla-like cells by 

 which an epiphytic root adheres to the substratum. 



Class, the highest grade or division of plants in the 

 system of Linnaeus. In our system a class is sub- 

 ordinate to a phylum, and the classes are subdivided 

 into alliances. 



Clavate, club-shaped. 



Claw, a name given to the stalk of a petal. 



Cleistogamic, -ous, a term applied to the inconspi- 

 cuous flowers produced by many plants. These 

 flowers do not open, and are seK-pollmated (autoga- 

 mous). 



Cob, a term applied to the spike on which Maize 

 grows. 



Coenobe, or Coenobium, a colony of separate organ- 

 isms united by a common investment, e.g. Volvox. 



Coherent, used of the union of similar members. 



Cohort, a group of families or orders which are 

 nearly related to one another ; is used here as syno- 

 nymous with Alliance. 



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