OfiU-membranea, action of iodine on, i. 73. 



behaviour in absorption, i. 85. 



dead, swelling of, and retention of mud 



particles, i. 267, 

 Oell-nucleuB. See Nuclmis. 

 Cell-plate, in cell-division, i. 581. 

 Cells, absorptive. See Absorption-cells. 



— air-oontaining, as a protective covering, 



earerimental proof, 1. 314. 



— all from one, i, 48. 



— capitate, of Lathrtea, i. 137. 



— chlorophyll containing, of Leucobryum 



and Sphagnum, i. 219. 



— development of new, 1. 27, 



— epidermal silicified, i. 329. 



— glandular, of Aldrovandia, i. 153. 

 of Cephalotus pitchers, i. 132. 



— many-armed, of mesophyll, i. 279. 



— permanent, i. 582. 



— pitted, reticulate, i. 194. 



— size of, i. 43. 



— special absorptive, for salt solutions, i. 85. 



— suction, in grasses, &o., i. 115. 



— transpiring, nature, situation and arrange- 



ment, i. 278. 

 Cell-sap, acidity, i. 511. 



acid reaction, i. 463. 



chief contents, i, 41. 



where secreted, i. 33. 



Cell-tissues, sorts of, i. 586. 

 Cellulares, of De Candolle, ii. 603. 

 Cellulose, i. 216, 263, 458. 



— changes undergone in walls of epidermal 



cells, i. 309. 



— in starch, i. 460. 



— occurrence and function, i. 573. 



— percentage composition, 1. 454. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Cell-union, modes of, i. 5S5. 

 Cell-wall, adaptability, i. 573. 



and absorption of carbon dioxide, i. 



368. 



canals in, i. 45. 



composition, &c., i. 42, 43. 



demolition of, i. 47. 



part played in ascent of sap, i. 270. 



passages for food-absorption, i. 57. 



— ^ polarization, i. 568. 



protoplasm in, i. 581. 



stratification, i. 44. 



striation and structure, i. 569. 



structure and growth, i. 511. 



structure in relation to absorption of 



food-salts, 1. 72. 

 Cell-walls, in three dimensions of space, i. 



577. 



in two dimensions of space, i. 577. 



Celtis australis, food of Libytbea Celtis, ii. 



488. 

 Celtis occidentalis, asymmetrical leaves, 

 i. 420. 



bud-scales, L 626. 



reserve-buds, i. 32. 



Cement, of tendril adhesive discs, i. 699. 

 Centaurea, autogamy, ii. 361. 



— decurrent leaves, ii. 336. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



— protection of poUen, ii. 126. 

 Centaurea alpestris and bud-galls of Diastro- 



phus ScabiosEe, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea alpina, protection by ants, ii. 



243. 

 Centaurea Badensis, and bud-galls of BiOr 



strophus Scabios£e, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea Balsamita, capitate hairs, i. 229. 



Persian steppes, varnish-like covering, 



i. 230, 313. 



secretion, i. 237. 



varnish coating of capitate cells, i. 230. 



Centaurea Cyanus, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 



scentless, ii. 209. 



Centaurea Grafiana. See Centaurea sordida. 



INDEX. 



Centaurea Jacea, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Centaurea montaua, florets and autOEamy. 



ii. 360. 

 Centaurea napuligera, roots, i. 760. 

 Centaurea Pseudophrygea, catapult-fruits, 



ii. 841. 



storaatal protective hairs, i. 292. 



Centaurea Ragusina, hairs, i. 321. 

 Centaurea rupestris and C. Scabiosa, hybrid 



of, ii. 662. 

 Centaurea Ruthenica, protection by ants, ii. 



243. 

 Centaurea Scabiosa and bud-galls of Dia- 



strophus ScabiosBB, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea sordida, hybrid, ii. 563. 

 Centaury. See Erythrcea. 

 Centipede, in utricle of Sarracenia purpurea, 



i. 126. 

 Centipedes, protection against, ii. 445. 

 Central cylinder of root, i. 762. 

 Centranthus, pollen deposition, ii. 277. 

 Centranthus ruber, change of position of 



anthers and stigmas, ii. 305. 



flower, ii. 240.1 



honey protection, ii. 241. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii, 305. 



Centrifugal inflorescence, i. 377. 

 Centripetal inflorescence, i. 737. 

 Centrolobium robustum, fruit protection, ii. 



443, 445. 

 CeutrospermsB, bracts of, achlamydeous, ii. 



750. 



— families of, ii. 748. 

 Centunculus, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Centunculus minimus, alluring floral tissue, 



ii. 170. 



autogamy, ii. 332. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



stem, i. 656. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Century Plant. See Agave Americcvna. 

 Cephalanthera, ii. 737. 



— habitat and foliage, i. 110. 

 Cephalaria, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 

 Cephalaria alpina, stigma, ii. 381, 283. 

 Gephalonion-gaUs, ii. 532. 

 Cephalotaxus, protection of pollen, ii. 124. 

 Cephalotus, i. 134, 638. 



Cephalotus follicularis,leavesbeteromorphic, 



shape of traps, &c., i, 131. 

 Ceramium, where thrives best, i. 105. 

 Cerasin, cherry-gum, i. 458. 

 Cerastium arvense, autogamy, ii. 355. 

 Cerastium chlorsefolium, protection of 



pollen, ii. 120. 

 Cerastium lanatum, autogamy, ii. 355. 

 Cerastium longirostre, autogamy, ii. 338. 

 Cerastium macrocarpum, capsule in dry and 

 wet weather, ii. 448. 



mites and flower metamorphosis, ii. 



548. 

 Cerastium triviale, gall-mites and flower 



metamorphosis, ii. 548. 

 Ceratium, ii. 625. 

 Ceratocephalus falcatus, hooked fruit, ii. 



873. 

 Ceratodactylis, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Ceratonia Siliqua, ii. 552. 



fruit, iL 535. 



Ceratonion, term applied to horn-like gaJl, ii. 



532. 

 Ceratophyllum, as lime accumulators, i. 260. 



— embryo, ii. 450. 



— food-absorption, i. 765. 



— Bub-aqueous, no roots, 1. 76. 

 Ceratopogon, in Aristolochia Clematitis 



flower, ii. 226. 



— in inflorescence of Arum, ii. 164. 

 Ceratopteris, protection of sporangia, Ii. 13. 

 Ceratopteris thalictroides, frond-buds, ii. 39. 

 Ceratozamia, Central America, it 720. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



Cercis siliquastrum, anthocyanin in buds, i. 

 484. 



leaf-blades, i. 408. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. ! 



torsion of leaf-stalks, i. 418. j 



937 



Cercis siliquastrum, venation, i. 632. 

 Cereals, positions of leaf -blades, i. 428. 



— reared in artificial culture solution, i. 100. 

 Cereus, i. 327. 



— and night visitors, ii. 196, 197. 



— autogamy, ii. 347. 



— climbing roots, i. 754. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— spines, i. 446. 



Cereus dasyacanthus, autogamy, ii. 347. 



whole plant, ii. 787. 



Cereus giganteus, flower and fruit, ii. 787. 

 Cereus grandifiorus, opening and closiog, ii. 



212. 



ovary, ii. 77. 



ovules, ii. 77. 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Cereus nycticalus, PI. VII., arrangement of 



perianth-leaves, i. 641. 



climbing roots, i. 702. 



opening and closing, ii. 212. 



size of flowers, ii, 185. 



Cerinthe, autogamy, ii. 379. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 275, 

 Ceroxylon andicola, height, i. 712 ; ii. 740. 

 vertical range, ii. 742. 



Cesalpino, Italian botanist ; views on struc- 

 tural variation, i. 8. 



~ system of classification, ii. 601. 



Cestrum, protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Cestrum aiu-antiacum, corolla and autogamy, 

 ii. 367. 



Ceterach, hybrids in, ii. 582. 



Ceterach officinarum, rolling up of frond, i. 

 314. 



Cetonia, abode in flowers, ii. 163. 



— and aminoid scents, ii. 207. 



Cetraria islandica, fruticose lichen, H. XV., 

 ii. 694. 



pycnidia, ii. 693. 



Ohserophyllum, geitonogamy, ii. 320, 324. 



— how protected, i. 451. 

 ChKerophyllum aromaticum, flowers, sorts of, 



ii. 296. 

 Chffiropbyllumbulbosum, germination, i. 622. 

 Chserophyllum Cicutaria, antbocyanin, i. 522. 



flowers, sorts of, ii. 296. 



Chserophyllimi hirsutum, behaviour of star- 



mens, i. 740. 

 Ch^tocladium, sporangioles, ii. 673. 

 Chsetopeltis, tbaUus, ii. 653. 

 Chfetophora, reticular, i. 586. 



— thallus, ii. 652. 



Chsetophoraceae, characteristics, ii. 652. 

 ChafEweed. See Centunculus minimus. 

 Chalazogamse, of Treub, ii. 616. 

 Chalazogamic fertilization inAlnus, ii. 413. 

 in Amentacese, ii. 614. 



in Carpinus, ii. 412. 



in Casuarina, ii. 616. 



Chalcidid^e and Ficus, ii. 160. 



Chamsecyparis, winter colour, i. 485. 



Chamsedorea, cotyledon In germination, i. 606. 



Chamseorchis alpina, allurement of insects, 

 ii. 206. 



Chamaarops excelsa, fruits, ii. 740. 



Chamserops bumUis, geographical distribu- 

 tion, ii. 740. 

 height, i. 712. 



Chamomile, Wild. See Matricaria ckamo- 

 milla. 



Change of position of anthers and stigmas, 

 iL305. 



Chantarelles. See Cantharelhis cibarius. 



Chantransia, epiphytic, i, 161. 



Chara, a genus of stoneworts, i. 260. 



— embryology, ii. 61. 



— lime incrustation, ii. 660. 



— structure, i. 590. 



Chara ceratophylla, lime accumidator, i. 260. 

 Chara crinita, asexual fruit-formation, ii. 467. 



parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 



Chara fcetida, ii. 660. 



ash constituents, i 68. 



Chara fragilis, ii. 63. 

 life-history, ii. 659. 



