INDEX. 



947 



Euphorbiacese, phyllocladoua, i. 331 



— spines, i. 446. 



— Btaminal filaments, ii. 88. 



— stiugiiig hairs, i. 441, 



Euphrasia, abundance in mountainouB dis- 

 tricts, i. 178. 



— geographical distribution, i. 176. 



— injury to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii 110. 



— variability of floral ooloxir, ii. 569. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, ii. 253, 351. 

 Euphrasia officinalis, sheltering of pollen, il. 



109. 

 EuphrasiaHo&tkOTiana,&o., corolla andauto- 



gamy, ii. 366. 

 Euriops, pericarp mucilage, 1, 615. 

 European liaues, i. 670. 

 Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, 1. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i, 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evas, hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, cuticle usually thick, i. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classiflcation, ii. 607. 

 Ex-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of cai-yophyUaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii, 600. 

 Exoascacese, description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-inoanae, galls, ii. 523. 

 Exoascus amentorum. See E. Alni-mcanm. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Cerasi, and Frunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititise on Frunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, 11. 524, 676. 

 Exoascus turgidus, and Betula verrucosa, U. 



527. 

 Exobasideae, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, 11. 688. 

 Exobasidlum, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidlum Lauri, 11, 521, 688. 

 Exobasidlum Bhododendri, 11. 688. 

 Exobasidlum .Vaccinli, il. 526, 688. 



gall-formation, 11. 520. 



Exocarpus, switch-plant, 1. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, 11. 647. 

 ExogeuEB, of De Candolle, il. 603. 

 Exosmosis. See Osmosis. 



Exostemma longiflormn, flowers after pol- 

 lination, 11. 222. 

 Exothecium, of anther, il. 94, 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, ii. 513. 



— questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for poUen dispersal, ii, 



260, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expulsive-fruits, range of, 11. 839. 

 Extinction, Incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, 11. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, il. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Ev/phrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomouas, function, ii. 



629. 



— of spermatozoid, ii, 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvox, ii. 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of ehoots from, 

 ii. 516. 



— of potato, i. 651. 



F. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, 1,263; ii. 761. 



— and galls of Hormomyia fagi, ii. 537. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527, 



— ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, 1. 205. 



— bud-scales, 1. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



— fertilization porogaraic, 11. 413. 



— host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 



— hybrids of, 11. 583. 



— mlte-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyllotaxis, 1. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— polhnation, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, 11. 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 250. 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, 1. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, 1. 354. 



dimensions, 1. 722. 



fohage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, 1. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, 1. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



vernation, i. 350. 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, 11. 792. 



Falcarla ravlni, periodically pendulous 



umbels, 1. 530. 

 FaU of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars, See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Families, mutual relationships, il. 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii. 604, 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433 ; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, 11. 549. 

 Fascicle, 1. 738. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, 1. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition, 



1.462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, i. 169. 

 Peather-fgil. See Sottonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa capillata. 

 Feather-grasses on a Russian Steppe, PI. 



VI. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740, 

 Fegatella, receptacles, 11. 697. 

 " Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gall, native name 



of Lpphophytum mirablle tubers, i. 196. 

 Felspar, i. 80, 83, 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, 1. 324. 



— type of community, 11. 889, 894. 

 Felt^galls, 11. 528, 529. 

 Pelt-hairs, and animals, i. 442. 



Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 Fennel. See FcenicuVum. 

 Fenugreek, See Trigonellafoenum'grcBffmn. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509. 

 of Bacteria, 1. 162, 



— of Finguicula, action on milk, 1. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 

 Fermentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464. 



— and Moulds, i. 507. 



— and respiration, mutual replacement, i, 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, ii. 684. 



— by Bacteria, i, 623. 



~ nature of, i. 505 ; ii. 519. 

 Ferment-fungi, 1. 505. 



Ferments, nature, function, &c., i. 464. 

 Fern, life-cycle, il. 476. 



— life-history, ii. 708. 



— young eporophyte, il. 472. 

 Fern-leaves, membranous scales, 1. 355, 

 Fern-prothallium, 1. 88, 384; 11. 67. 472, 708. 

 Ferns, ii. 61. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 472. 

 . — amphigonlum, ii. 67. 



— antheridia, ii. 67, 



— apical cell, 1. 579. 



— as saprophytes, 1. 100. 



— buds on fronds, ii. 39. 



— certain, which roll up their leaves, i. 314. 

 -fr climate and distribution, ii. 457. 



— effect of strong light, i. 391. 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil, 1. 636. 



— fronds and light, i. 413 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



■^ habitats, ii. 705. 



— hybrids among, ii. 582, 



— not eaten by animals, 1. 432. 



— on. ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, 1. 106. 



— Palaeozoic, ii. 612. 



[ — propagation by offshoots, ii. 458. 

 historical review, ii. 8. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, 1. 168. 



— rolling of young fronds, i. 348. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, 1. 108. 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— sorl, il. 11, 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 

 — ■ sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of, ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, 11. 474. 

 -y various, ii. 707. 



— wax on fronds, 1. 292. 

 Ferraria, eq.mtant leaves, 1. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



— and mucilage In Ferns, 11. 68. 



— and order of blossoming, 1. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, 1. 530. 



— changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions in Phanerogams, ii. 72. 



— essence of process, il. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryptogams 



and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, 11. 475. 



— in FloridesB, 11. 60. 



— in Helianthemum marifolium, il. 411. 



— in Marsilia, Salvuua, and Selaginella, ii. 



69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677, 



— in Muscineae, ii. 65, 



— in Peronosporeaj, 11. 669. 



— In Phanerogamia, 11. 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, Ii. 738. 



— resemblance in Musclnese and Obaracei©, 



11. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, il. 48. 



— unsolved problems, il. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Peronosporeae, ii. 56. 



of Saprolegniacese, ii. 484, 



Ferula, flowering, 1. 745. 



Ferulago, geitonogaray, il. 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. See Festuca. 

 Festuca, ii. 746. 



— and Lolium, hybridization, 11. 583. 



— leaf-closing, i. 340. 



— pollination, ii. 142. 



— stomata, 1. 340. 



— vascular bundles of leaf, 1. 343. 

 Festuca alpestris and cattle, i. 436. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Festuca alpina, bulbils, 11. 454. 

 Festuca arundinacea, barbs, 1. 439. 

 Festuca nigrescens, anthocyanin in glumes, 



1. 522. 

 Festuca Porcil, leaf, section, 1. 343. 

 JPestuca punctoria, leaf, section, i. 345. 

 1 stomata on upper leaf-surface, localisa- 

 tion of wax, 1. 292. 

 Festuca rupicaprina, bulbils, ii. 454. 



