948 



INDEX. 



Festuca vaginata, i. PI. "VT. 



Festucas, poisonous, i. 341. 



Fibres, fleshy, of seedling Orobanche, i, 185. 



Fibrils, nuclear, i. 581. 



Fibrin, i. 458. 



Fibrous bark, i, 720. 



— layer, of anther, ii. 96. 

 Ficaceae, ii. 758. 

 Ficoidales, ii. 787. 

 Ficus, i. 193. 



— buds on aerial roots, ii. 28. 



— clasping roots, i. 702, 705. 



— clinging roots, i. 754. 



— flowers, ii. 159. 



— formerly considered parasitic, i. 159. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— gall-flowers, ii. 160. 



— Indian species, climbing peculiarities, i. 



709. 



— inflorescence, receptacle and fruit-forma- 



tion, ii. 435. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— latex, i. 470. 



— lattice-forming climbing roots, i. 711. 



— number of species, ii. 162. 



— pistil, ii. 160. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 102. 



— protective stipules, 1. 626. 



— relation to insects, ii. 159, 162. 



— roots form living bridges, ii. 758, 760. 



— synconium, ii. 159. 



Ficus Benjamina, incrusting climbing roots, 



i. 707. 

 Ficus carica and Blastopbaga grossorum, ii. 

 161, 540. 



gaU-flowers, ii. 157. 



inflorescences, ii. 157. 



Ficus elastica, i. 755. 



inflorescence, ii. 160. 



roots, i. 756. 



Ficus Indica, stem and roots, i. 755. 

 Ficus nitida, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus pumUa, flowers, ii. 157. 

 Ficus religiosa, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus scandens, leaf -mosaic, i. 420. 



unsymmetrical, unequal leaves, i. 422. 



Ficus stipulata, climbing roots, i. 702. 



foliage, i. 708. 



Field-mice and plants, i. 763, 



Field Pansy. See Viola a/rvensis. ^ 



Fig. See -Ficus. 



Figwort. See SoropJmlaria. 



Filago, hairiness, i. 317. 



Filago mixta and other hybrids, il. 585. 



Filament of ovule, i. 644. 



— of stamen, i. 642; ii. 86, 88. 

 Filamentous cell-complex, i. 586. 

 Filaments, protoplasmic, in Lathrsea capitate- 

 cells, 1. 136. 



prey capturing, i. 135. 



Filamentum, i. 642. 



Filices. See Ferns. 



Filmy Ferns. See HymenopkyllacecB. 



Filtration of food-sap, from cell to cell, i. 270. 



" Fingers and Toes ", cause of, ii. 522. 



Fir-tree, wood perforated by sinkers of 



Mistletoe, i. 209. 

 Fir-trees, curvature of branches, i. 416. 

 Firs. See Abies and Picea. 

 Firs and Birches, struggle for existence, ii. 



514. 



— vertical range, i. 527. 

 Fission-fungi. See ScMzomycetes. 

 Fissured bark, i. 720. 



Fistular leaf, i. 428. 



Flagella of Cblamydomonas, ii. 629. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 

 FlageUaria Indica, tendrils, 1. 692. 

 Flamingo Plant. See AnthvHvm Scher- 



zerianum. 



Fleabane. See Inula. 



Flecking, white, of leaves, cause of appear- 

 ance, i. 285. 



Flies and Empusa Muscse, i, 168 ; 11. 672. 



— and finely-marked petals, ii. 131. 



— and indoloid scents, ii. 207, 



— and BcroU-galls, 11. 630. 



Flinty armour, i. 323. 



Floatation of fruits, ii. 847. 



Floating contrivances, i. 638. 



Flora, application of term by Linnaeus, i. 6. 



— Arctic, general absence of hairs, i. 316. 



— of north coast of Africa, spinose, i. 434. 



— of Spain, spinose, i. 434. 



— scope of term, ii. 1. 



— why rich in rock-cracks, i. 109. 



Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, Aacherson's 



& Braun's system, ii. 605. 

 Floral Biology, treatise by Loew, ii. 399. 

 Floral clock, Linneeus's, ii. 215. 

 Floral leaves, i. 597. 



and fungal parasites, ii. 524. 



arrangement, ii. 73. 



division of labour, i. 645. 



nature and succession, i. 640. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



Floral receptacle, meaning, i. 736, 746. 



— stem, adaptation to function, i. 749 



nature and parts, i. 736. 



Floras, ii. 885. 



— migration of range, ii. 592. 



— of Lapland, Sweden, England, Piedmont, 



Caruiola, Austria, &c., 18th century, i. 8. 



— the chief, enumerated, ii. 898. 



Florets, of Compositse, protection of pollen, 



u. 116. 

 Floridese, i. 161, 169, 246; ii. 606, 620. 



— absence of wood and stomata, i. 284. 



— alternation of gene):ations, ii. 481. 



— as epiphytes, i. 77. 



— behaviour in distilled water, i. 78. 



— favourite habitat, i. 105. 



— fertilization and fruit-formatiou, i. 53, 61. 



— fossil remains, ii. 614. 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habits, i. 587. 



— luminosity, i. 388. 



— pigment, i. 388. 



— range, i. 390. 



— seasonal development, i. 563. 



— " sporangia" and spore-formation, U. 22. 



— structure, i. 590. 



— tetraspores, ii. 24. 

 Flower, actinomorphic, ii. 229. 



— application of term, i, 640. 



— double, ii. 80. 



— duties of, ii. 717. 



— female, of Cupreseus, 11. 443. 



of Juniperus, ii. 443. 



of Pinus Pumilio, ii. 722. 



— largest in world, i. 202. 



— lateral, 1. 641. 



— of Rafflesia Padma, 1. 203. 



— of Scybalium fungiforme, 1. 189. 



— protandrous, ii. 307. 



— protogynous, ii. 307. 



— size and autogamy, ii. 396. 



— temperature variation, i. 502. 



— terminal, i. 641. 



— zygomorphic, ii. 229. 

 Flower-bu(k, respiratory heat, i. 498. 

 " Flower-dust ", ii. 85. 



"Flower fidelity" of insects, ii. 206. 

 Flower-opening, thermal constants, 1. 559. 

 Flower-production and climatic conditions, 



ii. 474. 

 Flower-stalk, in fruit formation, ii. 435. 



origin, &c., i. 736. 



tendrils, i. 693. 



Flowering and elevation, i. 526. 



— and sunshine, ii. 474. 



— premature, caused by parasitic fungi, il. 



525. 



— table of dates, i. 519. 



Flowering Ash. See Fraxinus Ormis. 

 Flowering axes, protective waxy coatings, ii. 



237. 

 Flowering Pern. See Osmunda regalis. 

 "Flowering Fungi", applied to Phalloidese, 



ii. 691. 

 Flowering-rush. See Butomus. 

 Flowers, alpine, colour of, ii. 198, 



— and animal visitB, ii. 153. 



— and insects, i. 743. 



Flowers as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— twhaviour of perianth-leaves after fertili- 



zation, ii. 222. 



— cause of opening, ii- 219. 



— change of colour, i. 376. 



— classification according to sex, ii. 295. 



— cleistogamic, ii. 391, 392. 



— closing, ii. 215. 



— colour, ii. 182. 



— colour-contrasts, ii. 184, 189. 



— CTOSS-fertllization, ii. 300. 



— double, and vegetative propagation, ii. 459. 

 long fresh, ii. 287. 



— duration, ii. 214. 



— ephemeral, ii. 212. 



— gradations from hermaphrodite to uni- 



sexual, 11. 295. 



— heterostyled, ii. 302. 



— honey secreting, ii. 171. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 164. 



— incompletely dichogamous, ii. 309. 



— metamorphoses through gall-mites, ii. 548. 



— mutual accommodation, i. 743. 



— of Mosses, ii. 702. 



— of Orobanche, i. 183. 



— opening and closing, ii. 116, 212, 215. 



— pendent, and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— periodic bending, i. 531. 



movements and protection of pollen, ii. 



120. 



— preservation through dryness, 1. 262. 



— protection against snails and slugs, ii. 



238. 



by sticky glands, 11. 236. 



from loss of heat, i. 529. 



— seasonal colour-curves, ii. 197. 



— size, ii. 185. 



and temperature, 11. 503. 



— structural correlation to insects, ii. 152. 



— temperature within, i. 500. 

 Flowers of Tan. See Fuligo varians. 

 "Flowers of the Sea", gas-vacuoles, 1. 389; 



ii. 621, 622. 

 Fluorescence, of chlorophyll solution, i. 372. 



— of erythrophyll, 1. 388. 

 Fluorescing pigments, of plants, 1. 379. 

 Fluorine, in plants, i. 68. 

 Fluviales, general characters, il 738. 

 Fly-agaric. See Agaricus muscarius. 

 Fly-catcher. See Drosophyllum. lusitanicum. 

 Fly-trap. See DioncEa. 



Fceniculum, foliage, 1. 413. 



— geltonogamy, il. 325. 



Fceniculum aromaticum, schizocarp, ii. 427- 



Fbhn-wind, velocity, i. 525. 



Folding, of grass-leaves, i. 341, 342, 343, 345. 



— of Moss-leaves, i. 346. 

 Folia connata, i. 596. 



— decurrentia, 1. 596. 



— perfoliata, 1. 596. 



— sessilia, i. 595. 

 Foliaceoua carpels, ii. 83. 



— Lichens, i. 245; ii. 694. 

 Foliage, sticky, 11. 236. 



— vai'iety, cause of, 1. 396. 



— wrinkled and grooved, i, 326. 



— young, and frost, 1. 545. 



sensitiveness. 1. 539. 



Foliage-leaf, variety of functions, 1. 627. 

 Foliage-leaves, 1. 597. 



position in relation to absorbent roots, 



i. 92. 



position relatively to horizon, 1. 92. 



transitions from water-catching to 



animal-catcJiing, 1. 157. 

 Foliage-production, thermal constants, i. 



559. 

 Foliage-stem, i. 650, 655, 660, 710. 

 Foliar structures, ideas of origin, i. 8. 

 Folium = leaf = leaf-blade, i. 596. 

 Folium fulcrans, i. 641. 

 Follicle, nature of, 11. 430. 

 Fontanesia, reserve-buds, 11. 33. 

 Pontanesia jaamlnoides, freezing, i. 546. 

 Pontinalls, aquatic Moss, ii. 704. 

 Food, conduction of, i. 269. 



— selective absorption by Fungi, i. 166, 167. 



