958 



INDEX. 



Leaf, adaptive modifications, i. 637. 



— arrangement of channels, i. 93. 



— botanical definition, i. 595. 



— compound, and nocturnal radiation, i. 532. 



— distinctive features, i. 649. 



— effect of climate on, i. 325. 



— electric cuirents in, of Dionsea, i. 151. 



— evolution of meaning, i. 593. 



— fistular, advantage of, i. 428. 



— fleshy, i. 327. 



— hairy covering on upper surface in relation 



to habitat and climate, i. 315. 



— metamorphosis of. See Metamorphosis 



and also Leaves. 



— movement in Pinguicula, i. 142. 



— of Aldrovandia and Diongea, i. 150. 



— of Drcsera, i. 145. 



— of Drosophyllum, i. 154. 



— of Pinguicula, structure, i. 141. 



— of Saxifraga Aizoon, mechanism for pre- 



vention of desiccation, i. 234. 



— palmate, vascular bundles, i. 649. 



— peltate, vascular bundles, ii. 649. 



— pinnate, diurnal positions, i. 534. 

 vascular bundles, i. 649. 



— position and wind, i. 427. 



— regarded as fundamental organ, i. 10. 



— scabrous, i. 440. 



— spiral twisting, i. 429. 



— stomata, chiefly on under side, i. 290. 



— strengthening of, i. 426. 



— subtending, i. 641. 



— venation, i. 631, 633. 



— young, position, i. 538. 

 Leaf-blade, change of inclination, i. 418. 

 change of position, i. 338. 



perforation and light, i. 413. 



shape, i. 627 et seq. 



vertical, in Myrtacese, &c., i. 335. 



Leaf-cuttings, propagation by, ii. 41. 

 Leaf-fall, changes correlated with, i. 358. 



effect of frost, i. 359. 



effect of habitat, i. 357. 



excretory nature of, i. 486. 



Horse-chestnut, i. 361. 



separation-layer, i. 359. 



thermal constants, i. 560. 



Leaf-green= chlorophyll, i. 375. 

 Leaflets, movements, i. 533. 

 Leaf-like structures on leaves, i. 649. 

 Leaf-mosaics, i. 410, 411. 



unequal-sized leaves, i. 421. 



unsymmetrical and unequal-sized leaves, 



i. 422. 



unsymmetrical leaves, i. 420. 



Leaf-movemenia, of Mimosas, i. 339. 



various causes and advantages, i. 538. 



Leaf-position, displacement bytorsion, i. 407. j 

 Leaf-prickles, i. 439. 

 Leaf-shape and phyllotaxis, i. 408. 

 Leaf-sheath, i. 595. 



of Grasses, 1. 427. 



Leaf-skeletons, i. 628. 



Leaf -stalk, and twisting of intemodes, i. 417. 



chief duties, i. 637. 



elastic, advantage of, i. 428. 



tendril, i. 692. 



sensitiveness to contact, i. 695. 



Leaf-tendril, i. 692. 

 Leaf-unfolding, Beech, i. 353. 



Tulip-tree, i. 352. 



Leaf-veins, protective arrangement in young 



leaves, i. 351. 

 Leaves, absorption of rain and dew, i. 370. 



— asymmetrical, advantage of, i. 421. 



— autumnal colour, meaning of, i, 485. 



— bi-lateral structure, i. 279. 



— change of direction during development, 



i. 326. 



— change of function, i. 450. 



— channelling of stalks and rain conduction 



i. 93. 



— compound, movements of leaflets, i, B33. 



— crumpled and rolled, i. 349. 



— cylindrical, i. 327. 



— deciduous, i. 347. 



— decussate arrangement, i. 398. 



Leaves, development of, i. 648. 



— diurnal movements, i. 532. 



— erect, need for protection, i. 428. 



— floating, necessity for increased transpirar 



tion, i. 288. 

 position of stomata on, i. 280. 



— floral, i. 640. 



— foliage, water-absorbing structures of, i. 



231. 



— form and position of transpiring, i. 325. 



— in tropica, size of, in correlation to mois- 



ture of the air, i. 287. 



— metamorphoses of, i. 11. 

 and division of labour, i. 594. 



— motile, distribution of stomata on, i. 281. 



— mutual accommodation, i. 395. 



— of Palms, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— of Water-lilies, shadows of, i. 289. 



— of Welwitschia mirabihs, i, 726. 



— old and young, i. 347. 



— opposite arrangement, i. 399. 



— position and inclination of twigs, i. 416. 



— position to light, i. 409. 



— protection. against crushing, i. 428. 



— rolled, protection of stomata from mois- 



ture, i. 300. 



transverse sections, i. 301. 



wide distribution of plants with, i. 303. 



— segmentation and light, i. 412. 



— spiral arrangement and rain conduction, 



i. 96. 

 examples, i. 398. 



— submerged, cause of elongation, ii. 505. 



— succession in cones, &c., i. 402. 



— succulent, loss of bulk through loss of 



water, i, 216. 



— temate, diurnal positions, i. 534. 



— unfolding, i. 347, S^v. 



— upright, distribution of stomata on, i. 281. 



— variety of weapons, i. 434. 



— which retain dew and rain, i. 228. 



— whorled and radical, rain conduction of, 



1.95. 

 Lecanora esculenta, ii. 695. 



in desert, i. 555. 



the Manna-lichen, ii. 810. 



Lecidea, situation on a marble column, i. 



247. 

 Lecidea geographica, a Crustaceous Lichen, 



i. 244. 

 Lecideas, Crustaceous Lichens, ii. 694. 

 Ledum, pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 

 Ledum palustre, and Exobasidium Vaccinii, 

 ii. 527. 



fading of flower, i. 743. 



felt-work of leaves, i. 302. 



Leeuwenhoeck, observations of, i. 21. 

 "Legitimate union" in crossing, ii. 405. 

 Legume, nature of, ii. 432. 

 Legumin, of pulse seeds, i. 458. 

 Leguminosse, ii. 780. 



— fruit protecting glands in, ii. 447. 



— seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 



— stipules, i. 448. 



— tubercles and Bacteria, ii, 624. 



Leh, Kashmir, temperature in sun, i. 525. 



Leitneriaceee, ii. 758. 



Lemanea, in cascades, i. 79. 



Lemanea fluviatilis, as mud-collector, i. 267. 



Lemua, rarity of flowers, ii. 457. 



— seeds and heat, i. 555. 



— swimming habit, i. 669. 

 Lemna gibba, roots, i. 754, 



Lemna minor and L. polyrrhiza, adaptation 



to change of habitat, i. 76. 

 — •- chlorophyll in roots, i. 766. 

 Lemna polyrrhiza, anthocyanin, i. 521. 



roots, i. 754. 



Lemna trisiflca, absorbent cells, i. 766. 



— ^aud Chlorochytiium, ii. 637. 



chlorophyll granules, positions, i. 382. 



Lemnacese, distinctive characters, ii. 745. 

 Lennoacess, ii. 768. 

 Lentibulariaceee, ii. 171. 



— autogamy in,, ii. 356. 



— deposition of pollen in, ii. 280. 



Lentibulariace^. epipbyllous buds, ii. 43. 

 Lentil. See Ervum. 

 Lentinus, origin of fructiflcation, ii. 689. 

 Lenzites sepiaria, in wooden conduits, i. 117. 

 Leocarpus fragilis, external coating, i. 569. 



Plasmodium, ii. 618, 491. 



sporangia, ii. 491. 



Leontice, germination, i. 622. 

 Leontodon, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 

 Leontodon hastile, autogamy, ii. 361. 



capitula and radiation, i. 530. 



Leonurus heterophyllus, guidance to honey, 



ii. 248. 

 Lepidium campestre, autogamy, ii. 335. 

 Lepidium crassifolium, and animals, i. 432. 

 Lepidium Draba, and animals, i. 432. 



gall-mites and flower metamorphosis, 



ii. 548. 

 Lepidium latifoUum, radical buds, ii. 28. 

 Lepidium sativum, cotyledons, i. 621. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



seed cement, i. 615. 



Lepidodendraceee, characteristics, ii. 716. 

 Lepigonum marginatum, seed, ii. 423. 



seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Letterstedtia, geographical distribution, ii. 



648. 

 Leucadendron, vertical leaf-blades, i. 335. 

 Leucadendron argenteum, mechanism for 



dispersal, ii. 856. 

 Leucanthemum vulgare, colour-contrast in 

 capitulum, ii. 191. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



Lencin, i. 263. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— nature of ii. 199. 



Leuoobryum, absorptive apparatus, its struc- 

 ture, modes of action, purpose, i. 220. 



— porous cells, i. 219. 



Leucodon sciuroides, brood-bodies, iL 23, 



458. 4 



Leucojum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Leucojum vemum, ii. 729. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



flower, ii. 170. 



juicy cushion of style, ii. 170. 



poUen sprinkling, ii. 274. 



scent, ii.r 201. 



Leuconostoc mesenteroides, fermentation, 



ii. 623. 

 Leucopogon, pollen-tetrads, ii. 97. 

 Leucopogon Cunninghami, venation, L 633- 

 Lianes, i. 364. 



— adaptative modifications, i. 476. 



— autumnal preparation for coming spring, 



i. 282. 



— general description, L 670. 



— hosts of Rhopalocnemis, i. 193. 

 ~ portion of stem, i. 689- 



— ribbon-shaped, i. 475, 734. 



— stem sections, i. 477. 



— thickness of supports, i. 680. 



— twisting of internodes, i. 417. 

 Libanotis montana, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Libocedrus, winter colour, i. 485. 

 Libriform cells, nature of, i. 726. 

 Lichen, controlling element in, ii. 692. 



— edible. See Lecamtra escuUnta. 



— Graphic. See Lecidea geographica. 



— modern views of nature, ii. 692. 

 Lichen-algo, determining growth in form of 



Cora, ii. 695. 

 Lichen-fungus, growth independent of Alga, 



ii. 695. 

 Lichen-thallus, ranging power of partners 



of, i. 245. 

 Lichens, absorption of aqueous vapour, &c., 



i. 218. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 62, 368. 



— corrosion of iron, i. 258. 



— Crustaceous, Istria and Dalmatia, heat 



resistance, i. 554, 



nature of, i. 244. 



— dependence onatmosphericmoisture,!. 217. 



— dispersal, ii, 693, 816. 



